Shared Flashcard Set

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Chapter 2 and Chapter 3
EDUC 0800
11
Education
Undergraduate 2
02/22/2013

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Cards

Term
culture
Definition
material and symbolic tools that accumulate through time and are passed on through social processes and provide resources for the developing child
Term
material tools
Definition
cultural tools including physical objects and observable patterns of behavior such as family routines and social practices
Term
symbolic tools
Definition
cultural tools such as abstract knowledge, beliefs, and values
Term
True or False
All tools of culture are symbolic and material at the same time.
Definition
True
Term
mediation
Definition
the process through which tools organize people's activities and ways of relating to their environments
Term
explicit instruction
Definition
the social process in which children are purposefully taught to use the resources of their culture; uses symbolic communication (thus, we do not have to teach things in the present via example; i.e. we can use language to teach US history to kids); animals cannot do this
Term
social enhancement
Definition
the most basic social process of learning to use cultural resources, in which resources are used simply because others' activities have made them available in the immediate environment
Term
cumulative cultural evolution
Definition
the dynamic ongoing process of cultural change that is a consequence of variation that individuals have produced in the cultural tools they use
Term
niche construction
Definition
the active shaping and modification of individuals' environments by the individuals own behaviors, activities, and choices
Term
co-construction
Definition
the shaping of environments through interactions between children and their caregivers, siblings, neighbors, and friends
Term
Baldwin effect
Definition
the role of cultural factors in determining which phenotypes are adaptive
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