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chapter 2
psychological research methods and statistics
25
Psychology
Not Applicable
09/29/2015

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Term
double blinded experiment
Definition
an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who received treatment
Term
single blinded experiment
Definition
an experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment
Term
placebo effect
Definition
a change in a participants illness or behavior that results from the belief that the treatment will have an effect rather than the actual treatment.
Term
control group
Definition
a group of participants that are treated the same as those who are tested but did not receive treatment
Term
statistics
Definition
summarizing and making inferences from collections of data
Term
variance
Definition
a measure of difference, or spread
Term
hypothesis
Definition
an educated guess
Term
variables
Definition
conditions and behaviors that are subject to change
Term
methods of research
Definition
naturalistic observations, case studies, surveys, longitudinal studies, cross sectional studies, correlations and explanations, and experiments
Term
naturalistic observation
Definition
psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering.
Term
case study
Definition
involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants
Term
survey
Definition
information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
Term
longitudinal study
Definition
data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development
Term
cross sectional study
Definition
data is collected from groups or participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age
Term
self fulfilling prophecy
Definition
involves having expections about a behavior and then acting in some way, usually unknowingly, to carry out that balance
Term
correlation
Definition
the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of sets.
Term
milgram experiment
Definition
experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram where participants were shocked when following authority
Term
correlation coefficient
Definition
describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables
Term
inferential statistics
Definition
numeric methods to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance
Term
what are two ways researches can avoid a biased sample?
Definition
a random sample and to avoid a nonrepresentative sample
Term
what pre-research decisions must a psychologist make?
Definition
research question, selection of research method, identification of sample
Term
how do psychologist try to avoid a self fulfilling prophecy?
Definition
by using single blind and double blind experiment
Term
why should psychologists question the results of an experiment that they conducted for the first time?
Definition
to look for errors in conducting the research and to determine if any outside variables influenced the result
Term
how is data organized to be displayed?
Definition
graphs and charts
Term
what is the difference between mean and mode?
Definition
the mean is the average of the scores and the mode is the most frequent occurring score
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