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| same as primary process in the opponent process theory of motivation |
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| a neuron that transmits messages from sense organs to the CNS; also called sensory neuron |
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| behavior that occurs early in a natural behavior sequence and serves to bring the organism in contact with a releasing stimulus |
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| same as opponent process in the opponent process theory of motivation |
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| behavior that serves to bring a natural sequence of behavior to consummation or completion; these responses are usually species-typical modal action patterns |
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| reduction in the effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug |
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| a neuron that transmits impulses to muscles; also called a motor neuron |
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| a temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive use of the muscles involved in the behavior |
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| the second component of the feeding behavior sequence following general search, in which the organism engages in behavior focused on a particular location or stimulus that is indicative of the presence of food; a form of appetitive behavior that is more closely related to food than general search |
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| food handling and ingestion mode |
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| the last component of the feeding behavior sequence, in which the organism handles and consumes the food |
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| the earliest component of the feeding behavior sequence, in which the organism engages in nondirected locomotor behavior; a form of appetitive behavior |
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| progressive decrease in the vigor of elicited behavior that may occur with repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus |
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| neural mechanism activated by repetitions of a stimulus that reduces the magnitude of responses elicited by that stimulus |
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| a neuron in the spinal cord that transmits impulses from afferent to efferent neurons |
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| modal action pattern (MAP) |
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| response pattern exhibited by most, if not all, members of a species in much the same way; used as basic units of behavior in ethological investigations of behavior |
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| compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to the primary process elicited by biologically significant events; causes physiological and behavioral changes that are the opposite of those caused by the primary process; also called the b process |
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| first process in the opponent process theory of motivation that is elicited by a biologically significant stimulus; also called the a process |
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| close relation between an eliciting stimulus and a resulting response that is mediated by a neural circuit (reflex arc) that links afferent neurons activated by the stimulus with efferent neurons that trigger response output |
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| an increase in the vigor of elicited behavior that may result from repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus or from exposure to a strong extraneous stimulus |
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| neural mechanism that increases the magnitude of responses elicited by a stimulus |
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| temporary reduction in the sensitivity of sense organs caused by repeated or excessive stimulation |
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| specific feature of an object or animal that elicits a modal action pattern; also called releasing stimulus |
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| return of responding to baseline levels produced by a period of rest after habituation or sensitization |
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| shortest neural pathway that connects the sense organs stimulated by an eliciting stimulus and the muscles involved in making the elicited response |
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| neural structures that determine the general level of responsiveness, or arousal of the organism |
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| sign stimulus whose features have been artificially enhanced or exaggerated to produce an abnormally large modal action pattern |
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