Term
| bacteria have a unique compound called ______ in their cell walls |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ have unique phospholipids in their plasma membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: DNA enclosed by a nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: circular chromosome present? |
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Definition
b: yes (but linear in some species)
a: yes
e: no (linear) |
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: organelles enclosed by membranes present? |
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Definition
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: rotating flagella present? |
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Definition
b: yes
a: yes
e: no (flagella & cilia undulate) |
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: multicellular species? |
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Definition
b: no (with some exceptions)
a: no
e: yes |
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: plasma membrane lipids composed of glycerol bonded to unbranched fatty acids by ester linkage? |
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Definition
b: yes
a: no (branched lipids bonded by ether linkages)
e: yes |
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: cell walls, when present, contain peptidoglycan? |
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Definition
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: RNA polymerase composed of >10 subunits? |
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Definition
b: no (only 5 subunits)
a: yes
e: yes |
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Term
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya: translation initiated with methionine? |
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Definition
b: no (initiated with N-formylmethionine; f-met)
a: yes
e: yes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the study of organisms that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope |
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Term
| bacteria & archaea can grow at pH less than _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| bacteria & archaea can grow at temperatures of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| bacteria & archaea can grow in water that is virtually saturated with _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that can cause disease |
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Term
| 4 diseases caused by firmicute bacteria |
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Definition
1. tetanus
2. acne
3. pneumonia
4. strep throat |
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Term
| 2 diseases caused by spirochaete bacteria |
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Definition
1. lyme disease
2. syphilis |
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Term
| 3 diseases caused by actinobacteria |
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Definition
1. tuberculosis
2. leprosy
3. acne |
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Term
| disease caused by chlamydailes bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Koch's 4 criteria to establish a causative link between a specific microbe & a specific disease |
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Definition
1. the microbe must be present in individuals suffering from the disease & absent from healthy individuals
2. the organism must be isolated & grown in a pure culture away from the host organism
3. if organisms from the pure culture are injected into a healthy experimental animal, the disease symptoms should appear
4. the organism should be isolated from the disease experimental animal, again grown in pure culture, & demonstrated by its size, shape, & color to be the same as the original organism |
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Term
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Definition
| certain diseases are infectious |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that kill bacteria or stop them from growing |
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Term
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Definition
| dense bacterial colonies enmeshed in a polysaccharide-rich matrix that helps shield the bacteria from antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that grow only when incubated at 45-75 degrees C |
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Term
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Definition
| isolating & sequencing a specific gene from organisms found in a particular habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| an ancestral population and all of its descendants |
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Term
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Definition
| have a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall with extensive peptidoglycan |
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Term
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Definition
| have a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall that has a thin gelatinous layer containing peptidoglycan and an outer phospholipid bilayer |
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Term
| 3 ways that bacteria & archaea produce ATP |
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Definition
1. phototrophs use light energy to excite electrons
2. chemoorganotrophs oxidize organic molecules with high potential energy, such as sugars
3. chemolithotrophs oxidize inorganic molecules with high potential energy, such as ammonia or methane |
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Term
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Definition
| using water as a source of electrons for photosynthesis |
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Term
| anoxygenic photosynthesis |
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Definition
| instead of producing oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, elemental sulfur or the ferric ion is produced |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that use methane as their carbon source |
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Term
| what were the first organisms to perform oxygenic photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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