Term
| Is the ANS part of the CNS or the PNS? |
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Definition
PNS
peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| What is the PNS made up of? |
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Definition
| ANS, Sensory Nerves, Somatic Nerves |
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Term
| What is the ANS made up of? |
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Definition
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Term
| What receptors are found in the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
Muscarinic receptors
Nicotinic receptors |
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Term
| What receptors are found in the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
Alpha receptors: a1, a2
Beta receptors: B1, B2 |
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Term
| Where are the main nerve centers for the ANS located? |
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Definition
hypothalamus
medulla
spinal cord |
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Term
| In the ANS how are nerve impulses carried from the CNS? |
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Definition
| Nerve impulses are carried from the central nervous system to the outlying organs via a two-neuron system. |
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Term
| How does the two-neuron nerve impulse transmission work in the ANS? |
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Definition
| Axons from the CNS neurons end in the ganglia (group nerve cell bodies that are packed together)located just outside the CNS. These ganglia receive info. from the preganglionic neuron that started in the CNS and relay that info. along postganglionic neurons. The postganglionic neurons transmit impulses to the neuroeffector cells- muscles, glands & organs. |
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Term
| Where are the originating cells of the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
| thoracic & lumbar spinal cord |
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Term
| Where are the originating cells of the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
| cranium & sacral spinal cord |
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Term
| Where is the location of the nerve ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the location of the nerve ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
| Within or near effector organs |
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Term
| In the sympathetic nervous system the preganglionic nerve axons are______and the postganglionic nerve axons are______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the parasympathetic nervous system the preganglionic nerve axons are______and the postganglionic nerve axons are______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the sympathetic nervous system the preganglionic neurotransmitter is __________and the postganglionic neurotransmitter is ________. |
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Definition
acetylcholine
norepinephrine, epinephrine |
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Term
| In the parasympathetic nervous system the preganglionic neurotransmitter is __________and the postganglionic neurotransmitter is ________. |
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Definition
acetylcholine
acetylcholine |
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Term
| In the sympathetic nervous system the neurotransmitter terminator is? |
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Definition
monoamine oxidase, MAO
catechol-O-methyl transferase, COMT |
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Term
| In the parasympathetic nervous system the neurotransmitter terminator is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of the adrenal gland when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
| The cromaffin cells of the adrenal medullae secrete epi or norepi directly into the bloodstream. (the ganglia/postganglionic axon evolved into the adrenal medullae) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are adrenergic nerves? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic postganglionic nerves that synthesize, store and release norepinephrine. Adrenergic nerves also found in the CNS and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. |
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Term
| What group of structurally related chemicals does norepinephrine belong to? |
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Definition
Catecholamines
(along w/ dopamine, serotonin & epinephrine) |
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Term
| What are the adrenergic receptors sites that react to the chemical norepinephrine? |
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Definition
Alpha-receptors: a1 & a2
Beta-receptors: B1 & B2 |
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Term
| Where are alpha 1 receptors found? |
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Definition
blood vessels
iris and urinary bladder |
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Term
| What are the effects of stimulated alpha 1 receptors? |
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Definition
BV: vasoconstriction & increase peripheral resistance to raise BP
Iris: dilate pupil
Urinary Bladder: closure internal sphincter |
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Term
| Where are alpha 2 receptors found? |
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Definition
On nerve membranes and act as modulators of norepinephrine release to help prevent overstimulation of released norepinephrine. (some of norepi released from post gang. does not bind to a1 receptors and flows back to react w/ a2 on nerve membrane causing a decrease in release to norepi to prevent overstimulation)
Also found on beta cells of pancrease to moderate insulin release stimulated by SNS activation |
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Term
| Where are Beta 1 receptors found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the actions of Beta 1 receptors? |
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Definition
Cardiac: Incr. HR
Peripheral tissue: incr. lipolysis (breakdown fat) for energy in peripheral tissues
BV: vasodilation
Bronchi: vasodilation
Periphery: Incr. muscle & liver breakdown glycogen & incr. glucagon release from pancreas.
Uterus: relax uterine smooth muscle |
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Term
| Where are Beta 2 receptors found? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle in bv, bronchi, periphers and uterine |
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Term
| What are the actions of stimulated B2 receptors? |
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Definition
BV: vasodilation
Bronchi: vasodilation
Periphery: Incr. muscle & liver breakdown glycogen & incr. glucagon release from pancreas.
Uterus: relax uterine smooth muscle |
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Term
| What are the actions of monoamine oxidase MAO and catechol-O-methyl transferase COMT enzymes? |
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Definition
| The are found in the area of released norepinephrine and in the liver to metabolize or biotransform any remaining norepinephrine in the synaptice cleft area or absorbed into circulation. This helps in the termination of the response to norepinephrine. |
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