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| water is found only at oases, green areas fed by underground water. |
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| The head of the tribe was called the sheikh |
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| To fend off attacks by Bedourns, many traveled in a caravan, or group of traveling merchants and animals |
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| Muslims wrote down the messages that Muhammad said he received from Allah. These writings became the Quran, or holy book of Islam. |
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| The caliph is the successor to the messenger of God. |
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| Shiites believed that Ali, muhammad's son-in-law, should succeed him and that all future caliphs should be Ali's decendants |
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| Sunnis, who outnumbered shiites, accepted the umayyad dynasty as rightful caliphs, though they did not always agree with their policies |
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| The seljuk ruler called himself sultan, or "holder of power." |
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| Mosques are Muslim houses of worship |
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| Another important part of every Muslim city was the bazzar, or marketplace |
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| From these towers, called minarets, religious officials call muslims to prayer five times a day. |
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| These are towers from which a crier, or announcer, calls believers to prayer fave times a day. |
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