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Chapter 2
Atoms
74
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
02/08/2013

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Term
What is molar mass?
Definition
The number of grams in one mole of an element.
Term
What is molar mas numerically equal to?
Definition
The atomic mass of the element.
Term
How is the molar mass written?
Definition
g/mole
Term
What is a mole defined as being?
Definition
6.02 x 10 ^23
Term
What is Avogadro's Number?
Definition
The number of atoms present in 1 mole of atoms.
Term
What is the number of Avogadro's Number?
Definition
6.02 x 10 ^23
Term
What effect do protons have on electrons?
Definition
They take energy away from electrons.
Term
What is true about electrons closer to the nucleus?
Definition
They have lower energy the closer they are to the nucleus.
Term
What do electrons do because they have energy?
Definition
They are constantly moving in the electron cloud.
Term
What is the reason we can only have a certain number of electrons in an energy level?
Definition
The repulsion between negative electrons.
Term
What is true about the energy of electrons in similar energy levels?
Definition
Electrons in the same energy level possess similar energies.
Term
What energy levels do electrons occupy first?
Definition
The lowest; closest to the nucleus.
Term
How do you tell the number of element's valence electrons?
Definition
Their group number if they are part of the group A elements.
Term
What is the valence shell?
Definition
The highest energy level containing electrons is known as the valence shell.
Term
What are valence electrons?
Definition
The electrons found in the outer most energy level; the valence shell.
Term
What is responsible for chemical reactivity in elements?
Definition
The valence electrons.
Term
What do valence electrons cause?
Definition
Chemical reactivity.
Term
Element 1
Definition
H; Hydrogen, group 1A
Term
Element 2
Definition
He; Helium. group 8A
Term
Element 3
Definition
Li; Lithium, group 1A
Term
Element 4
Definition
Be; Beryllium, group 2A
Term
Element 5
Definition
B; Boron, group 3A
Term
Element 6
Definition
C; Carbon, group 4A
Term
Element 7
Definition
N; Nitrogen, group 5A
Term
Element 8
Definition
O; Oxygen, group 6A
Term
Element 9
Definition
F; Fluorine, group 7A
Term
Element 10
Definition
Ne; Neon, group 8A
Term
Element 11
Definition
Na; Sodium, group 1A
Term
Element 12
Definition
Mg; Magnesium, group 2A
Term
Element 13
Definition
Al; Aluminium, group 3A
Term
Element 14
Definition
Si; Silicon, group 4A
Term
Element 15
Definition
P; Phosphorous; group 5A
Term
Element 16
Definition
S; Sulfur; group 6A
Term
Element 17
Definition
Cl; Chlorine; group 7A
Term
Element 18
Definition
Ar; Argon; group 8A
Term
Element 19
Definition
K; Potassium; group 1A
Term
Element 20
Definition
Ca; Calcium; group 2A
Term
Which group is the Alkali metals?
Definition
Group 1A
Term
What is group 1A?
Definition
The Alkali metals
Term
Which group is the Alkaline earth metals?
Definition
Group 2A
Term
What is group 2A?
Definition
The Alkaline earth metals
Term
What is group 7A?
Definition
The Halogens
Term
What is group 8A?
Definition
The Noble gases
Term
Which group is the Halogens?
Definition
Group 7A
Term
Which group is the Noble gases?
Definition
Group 8A
Term
What does period number represent?
Definition
The outermost energy level that contains valence electrons.
Term
How do you find out the outermost energy level?
Definition
Period number.
Term
What is the smallest thing to give the properties of an element?
Definition
An atom.
Term
What does an atom give the the properties of?
Definition
An element.
Term
What are the different properties of matter?
Definition
Physical and chemical properties.
Term
What is a physical change?
Definition
A change in form or otherwise, but no change in actual composition of the substance or element.
Term
What is a chemical change?
Definition
A change in the composition, changing one substance into another.
Term
What is density?
Definition
The mass of a substance per unit volume. (mass is always grams)
Term
Represent density in a formula.
Definition
D = m/v
Term
What are the different volumes for states of matter?
Definition
Gas = 1 L; Liquid = 1mL; Solid = cm^3 or mL
Term
What is amu relative to?
Definition
Carbon-12 atom
Term
What are compounds?
Definition
Two or more elements chemically combined.
Term
What do chemical formulas identify?
Definition
The type and number of atoms of each of the elements in a compound.
Term
What is the atomic mass unit?
Definition
The amu is a unit used to identify the mass of an atom.
Term
How much does a proton weight?
Definition
1 amu.
Term
How much does a neutron weight?
Definition
1 amu.
Term
What is mass number?
Definition
Number of protons + number of neutrons.
Term
What is symbolic notation
Definition
Used to represent an atom's atomic symbol, mass number, and atomic number. Mass number on top, atomic number on bottom.
Term
What element can be found in combination with other elements in virtually all living substances?
Definition
Carbon.
Term
What are subatomic particles?
Definition
The small parts that organize to form atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Term
What are the small parts that organize to form atoms: proton, neutrons, and electrons?
Definition
Subatomic particles.
Term
What is the relative mass of an electron?
Definition
0.0005
Term
What is the relative mass of a proton?
Definition
1
Term
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
Definition
1
Term
What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?
Definition
The small unit of mass used to quantify the mass of very small particles.
Term
What is the small unit of amss used to quantify the mass of very small particles?
Definition
The atomic mass unit (amu)
Term
What is 1 amu equal to?
Definition
1/12 of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons.
Term
What are isotopes?
Definition
Atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
Term
What are atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons?
Definition
Isotopes.
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