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Definition
| subatomic particle with a single postive electrical charge |
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| subatomic particle with a single negative charge |
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| electrically neutral (has no electrical charge) |
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| the number of protons in an atom |
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| the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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| approximately equal to the mass number |
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| have the same numbers of pronouns and electrons and behave identically in chemical reactions, but have a different number of neutrons |
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| an isotope in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy |
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energy levels where electrons occur.
depending on the atomic number, an atom can have 1 or more shells |
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| an atom or molecules with an electrical charge resulting from the gain or loss of one or more electrons |
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| two ions with opposite charges are held together by attractions, electrons are transferred |
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| the second kind of strong chemical bond, in which atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons |
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| two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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Definition
| indicated by a pair of lines, ex. two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons |
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| an atom's attraction for shared electrons |
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| electrons are shared equally between the atoms |
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| unequal sharing of electrons, the pulling of shared negatively charged electrons closer to the more electronegative atom makes that atom partially negative and the other atom partially positive |
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| has an unequal distribution of charges ex. water |
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| a type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom participating in a polar covalent bond in another molecule |
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Definition
| the tendency of molecules to stick together |
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| the clinging of one substance to another |
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| a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid |
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| substances that minimize changes in pH |
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| compound that accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from solution |
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| a compound that donates hydrogen ions to solutions |
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| substance that is dissolved |
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