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The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit or matter
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a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
An Element in the periodic table
Example: 6 -Atomic number (# of protons)
C -Element symbol
Carbon -Element name
12.011
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Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons.
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A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
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positive and negatively charged atoms
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The smallest unit of most compounds
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Attraction between molecules of the same substance
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Attraction between molecules of different substances
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Definition
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2 0r more things in the same place, but not chemically combined
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Definition
| Substance that is dissolved |
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Definition
| The scale that shows the acid and the bas, base being the highest and acid being the lowest.Acid: Below 7 on the Ph scale!~ Base: Above 7 on the Ph scale |
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Definition
| Weak acids of bases that prevent sharp changes in pH |
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Definition
Monomer: small units that form a Polymer
Polymer: combinations of monomers
**Monomers make up polymers!*** |
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Definition
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms
main source of energy
plants and some animals: for structural purposes. |
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| Monosaccharide/Polysaccharide |
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Definition
Mono: Single sugar molecules
Poly: the large macromolecules formed from monosaccharide |
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Definition
carbon, hydrogen
examples: fats, oils, and waxes.
stores energy
important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. |
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Definition
| Ribonucleic Acid: The sugar ribose Deoxyribonucleic Acid: The sugar deoxyribose |
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Definition
| Protein: macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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Definition
| Protein (Polymers) of molecules |
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Definition
| Reactant: The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| Product: the elements or compounds that are formed from a chemical reaction. |
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Definition
| Energy needed to get a reaction started. |
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Definition
| Catalyst: A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Term
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How do isotopes differ of a particular element from on another?
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Definition
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They have different number of neutrons
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Term
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Understand how ionic bonding, covalent bonding, and van der waals forces work
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Definition
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Ionic bonding: when one electron is taken away from an element and taken to another
Covalent: Shared electrons
Van der waals forces: When positive and negative charged atoms comes together.
*Ionic (Strongest)
*Covalent
*Hydrogen
*van der waals (Weakest)
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Understand what makes water polar and how polarity contributes to cohesion, adhesion, and hydrogen bonding
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Definition
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| Know the types of mixtures |
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Solution: Where everything evenly distributed, dissolved.
Suspension: Undissolved
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How do ionic compounds dissolve in water?
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Definition
when you have CL and putt salt in water they combine with the negative and positive ions. (Sodium positive, chloride negative) It pulls them apart. It dissolves because different charges attract.
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Be able to differentiate between acids and bases
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Definition
Acid: Have HP+ ions (Hydrogen)
Base: OH – ions (Hydroxide)
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| Why is carbon so special? |
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Definition
| It has four valence electrons, meaning it can bond with four different things. |
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Know the three possible arrangements of carbon atoms
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Definition
| The chain, the ring, and the branch |
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| Know the monomers that make up carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Know examples of carbohydrates in animals and plants
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Definition
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Cellulose (Plants, for structure.), glycogen (Animals,for storing energy) , starch (plants,for storing energy)
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Know the general structure of triglycerides (Lipids) and the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
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Definition
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One glycerol and three fatty acids!
saturated: maximum amounts of hydrogen atoms unsaturated: not maximum, has a double or triple bond.
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| Know the monomers that make up nucleic acids |
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Definition
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| Know Monomers that make up proteins |
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| Know the basic component of a chemical reaction |
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Definition
Left side:reactants
left side:products
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Understand how a catalyst affects the activation energy of a reaction and understand how the graphs work
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Definition
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*The energy needed to start a chemical reaction
*Energy absorbing: the product ends up higher then the reactant
*Energy releasing: The product ends up lower then the reactant.
Catalyst: It lowers the activation energy
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Understand how an enzyme increases the rate of a reaction
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Definition
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starts at the active sight (where everything bonds) reactants (Substrate) comes in, binds, reaction takes place and product leaves.. The enzyme does not change and is re-usable.
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