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Definition
| Any substance that has mass and takes up space. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is matter composed of? |
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Definition
| When was the first experiments on the physical nature of atoms performed? |
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Definition
| Atomic structure was introduced by who? |
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Term
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Definition
| Every atom possesses an orbiting cloud of tiny subatomic particles called what? |
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Definition
| What is at the center of each atom? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a nucleus composed of? |
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Definition
| The atomic number is equaled to the number of what? |
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Term
| any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by ordinary chemical means. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mass always stays the same, but weight is the force gravity exerts on a substance. |
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Definition
| What is the difference in mass and weight? |
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Term
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Definition
| How do you find atomic mass? |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass of atoms and subatomic particles are measured in what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where are electrons located? |
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Term
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Definition
| If an atom has the same number of protons and electrons it is called what? |
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Term
| Where the number of electrons and protons arent the same |
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Definition
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Term
| An atom having more protons then electorns |
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Definition
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Term
| an atom having more electrons than protons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| if an atom has a different number of protons and neutrons then it is called a what? |
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Term
| when the nucleus of an atom tends to break up into atoms with lower atomic numbers |
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Definition
| What is radioactive decay? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is carbon's half life? |
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Term
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Definition
| The decay time is called what? |
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Term
| spherical and dumbbell shaped |
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Definition
| What shapes can electron oribitals be? |
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Term
| the atom loses an electron |
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Definition
| What happens in oxidation? |
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Term
| The atom gains an electron |
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Definition
| What happens in reduction? |
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Term
| how reactive the atoms are |
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Definition
| What does electronegativity determine? |
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Term
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Definition
| How is the periodic table grouped together? |
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Term
| the preference for electrons to be full on the outer energy level. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What are valence electrons? |
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Term
| oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen |
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Definition
| What are the four most common elements in living organisms? |
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Term
| a group of atoms held together by energy |
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Definition
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Term
| contains more than one element |
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Definition
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Term
| an electron is removed and then attached onto another atom |
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Definition
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Term
| sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms |
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Definition
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Term
| temperature, concentration, and a catalysts |
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Definition
| What three things change the rate of a reaction? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are biological catalysts called? |
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Term
| they have partial negative and/or positive atoms |
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Definition
| What are polar molecules? |
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Term
| an attraction between hydrogen and any other highly electronegative element |
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Definition
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Term
| cohesion, forms hydrogen bonds, high specific heat, heat of vaporization, solubility, and lower density of ice |
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Definition
| what are the five properties of water? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| potiential energy is based on what? |
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Term
| when oxidation and reduction are coupled |
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Definition
| What are redox reactions? |
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Term
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Definition
| Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the known elements in a table according to their what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are elements with 8 electrons in their outer energy level called? |
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Term
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Definition
| The elements with 7 and 1 electrons in their outer energy level are what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the three important ions in biological systems called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of covalent bonds are the strongest? |
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Term
| Covalent bonds that are equally shared |
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Definition
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Term
| They are unequally shared. |
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Definition
| What are polar covalent bonds? |
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Term
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Definition
| How much of the earth is covered by water? |
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Term
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Definition
| How much of an organisms body is composed of water? |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetrahedron is the shape of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the bond angle of a water molecule? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is an example of cohesion? |
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Term
| the attraction for another polar substance causing the water to stick to a surface. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What percentage of bonds break as water heats from 0 to 100 degree celsius? |
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Term
| maintain a relatively constant internal temperature |
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Definition
| Waters high specific heat allows them to do what? |
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Term
| The heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of energy required to change a gram of substance from a liguid to gas |
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Definition
| What is heat of vaporization? |
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Term
| by evaporating cooling, e.g., sweating |
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Definition
| How do organisms dispose of excess body heat? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what helps a substance dissolve |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| after a solute dissolves, water forms this |
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Definition
| What is a hydration shell? |
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Term
| nonpolar substances that cant dissolve in water, "Water fearing" |
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Definition
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Term
| polar or charged ions that can dissolve in water, "water loving" |
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Definition
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Term
| the tendency of nonpolar molecules to group together when placed in water |
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Definition
| what is hydrophobic exclusion? |
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Term
| the formation of or separation into ions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is the weight of a substance in grams? |
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Term
| concentration measured by the number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
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Definition
| What is molecular concentration? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| If the pH is lower than 7 it is what? |
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Term
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Definition
| If the pH is greater than 7 it is what? |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrogen atoms are held together by what? |
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Term
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Definition
| water can form how many hydrogen bonds? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the reaction of carbon dioxide and water form what? |
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Term
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Definition
| The bicarbonate system is the buffer in what? |
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Term
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Definition
| as the pH level is going up the ion concentration does what? |
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