Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 26
Modern Genetics
27
Biology
10th Grade
05/03/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Where is the DNA in our cells?
Definition
In the nucleus, packaged in chromosomes.
Term
Who helped identify DNA as the genetic material? (2)
Definition
Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery 1928
Term
In 1953 who show that virus genes are made of DNA?
Definition
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Term
What did Hershey and Chase learn from this experiment?
[image]
Definition
Conclusions:
Viral DNA is injected into cells
Proteins stay outside of infected cells
Therefore, DNA is the genetic material
Term
Who proposed the first structure of the DNA?
Definition
1953: James Dewey Watson & Dr. Francis Crick
Term
What are the three parts that make up the polymer of the Nucleotide?
Definition
Sugar – deoxyribose
Phosphate – one P and four O
Nitrogen bases – ring with one of four possible bases
Term
What is the physcial structure of D.N.A.?
Definition
1. Forms a ladder-like structure
- phosphates and deoxyribose sugars are the sides of the ladder bases are the rungs of the ladder
2. Forms a double helix
DNA twists onto itself forming a spiral
[image]
Term
What bond holds the Nucleotide together?
Definition
covalent bonding (very strong)
Term
Base pairs are held together by ....
Definition
hydrogen bonds (weak)
Term
What does DNA polymerase do?
Definition
gets the DNA to unzip
Term
What are proteins?
Definition
Made of long chains of amino acids
proteins run living organisms
A. enzymes - control all chemical reactions in living organisms
B. structure - all living organisms are built out of proteins
Term
What are the matching bases when copying DNA?
Definition
A-T
C-G
Term
What are the steps of replicating DNA? (2)
Definition
1. Double Stranded DNA unzips using DNA polymerase.
2. Build daughter DNA strand using original unzipped DNA as the template.
Term
Unzipped is used to make both ......... and ............. .
Definition
- copies of DNA and Proteins
Term
What are proteins made of?
Definition
Chains of amino acids
Term
What are the steps to making protein? (3)
Definition
1. Unzip DNA - (Nucleus)
2. transcription of DNA to MRNA
3. Translation at the Ribosome - TRNA
bring Amino Acids to MRNA in cytoplasm.
[image]
Term
What are the base pairs in RNA?
Definition
A - U
G - C
Term
Codon
Definition
three bases that code for an amino acid
Term
What are the three types of RNA?
Definition
1. mRNA - Messenger RNA
2. tRNA - transport RNA
3. rRNA - ribosome RNA
3. rRNA
Term
Function of mRNA
Definition
Carries instructions from nucleus to ribosome
Contain a sequence of codons (three bases that code for an amino acid)
Term
What is the function of rRNA?
Definition
Ribosomal RNA
Combines with proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomes are the structures that assemble proteins
Term
What is the function of tRNA?
Definition
Transfer RNA
Picks up amino acids and carries them to the ribosome so they can be attached to the amino acid chain
Contain an anticodon on one end and the amino acid on the other
Anticodon – 3 bases complementary to the mRNA codon
Term
Anticodon
Definition
3 bases complementary to the mRNA codon
Term
Transcription
Definition
Making RNA from DNA
DNA strand is the template (pattern)
Term
Translation
Definition
- mRNA used to make protein
- mRNA attaches to ribosome
Each mRNA codon codes for one amino acid
tRNA picks up an amino acid and brings it to the mRNA
The amino acids bond making a chain
Term
Operons
Definition
sets of genes that turn other genes on and off.
Term
What can control gene expression?
Definition
Type of sugar present
Development genes in plants controlled by light
Temperature controls fur color in Himalayan rabbits
Incubation temperature of some reptiles
Supporting users have an ad free experience!