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Chapter 2
Sociological Research
34
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
01/27/2012

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Term
Casual logic
Definition
The raltionship between a condition or variable and a particular consewuence, with on event leading to the other.
Term
Code of ethics
Definition
The standards of acceptable behavior developed by and for members of a profession.
Term
Content analysis
Definition
The systematic cooling and objective recording of data, guided by some rationale.
Term
Control group
Definition
The subjects in an expiriment who are not introduced to the independant variable by the researcher.
Term
Control variable
Definition
The factor that is held constant to test the relative impact of an independant variable.
Term
Correlation
Definition
S relationship between two variables in which a change in one coinsides with a change in the other.
Term
Cross-tabulation
Definition
A table or matrix that shows the relationship between two or more variables.
Term
Dependant variables
Definition
The variable in a casual relationship that is subject to the influence of another variable.
Term
Ethnograohy
Definition
The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation.
Term
Expiriment
Definition
An artificially created situation that allows a researcher to manipulate variables.
Term
Experimental group
Definition
The subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an independant variable introduced by a researcher.
Term
Hawthorne effect
Definition
The unintended influence that observers of experiments can have on their subjects.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
Term
Independant variable
Definition
The variable in a casual relationship tht causes or influences a change in another variable.
Term
Interview
Definition
A face-to-face, telephone, or online questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information.
Term
Mean
Definition
A number calculated by adding a series of values and then dividing by the number of values.
Term
Median
Definition
The midpoint or number that divides a serious of values into two groups of equal numbers of values.
Term
Mode
Definition
The single mos common value in a series of scores.
Term
Observation
Definition
A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation and/ or by closley watching a group or community.
Term
Operational definition 
Definition
An explination of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to assess the concept.
Term
Percent
Definition
A portion of 100.
Term
Quatitative research
Definition
Research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data.
Term
Quantitative research
Definition
Research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form.
Term
Questionaire
Definition
A printed or writen form used to obatain information from a respondant.
Term
Random sample
Definition
A sample for which every member of an entire population has the same chance of being selected.
Term
Reliability
Definition
The extent to which a measure produces consistent results.
Term
Research design
Definition
A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
Term
Sample
Definition
A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population.
Term
Scientific method
Definition
A systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivitey and consistancy in researching a problem.
Term
Secondary analysis
Definition
A variety of research techniques that makes use of previously collected and publicly accesible information and data.
Term
Survey
Definition
A study, generally in the form of an interview or questionaire, that provides researchers with information about how people think and act.
Term
Validity
Definition
The degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phennomenon under study.
Term
Value neutrality
Definition
Max Weber's term for objectivity of sociologist in the interpretation of data.
Term
Variable
Definition
A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions.
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