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Chapter 2
Test 1
19
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2011

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Term
culture
Definition
the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life
Term
society
Definition
people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture
Term
culture shock
Definition
personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
Term
symbol
Definition
anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
Term
language
Definition
a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another
Term
cultural transmission
Definition
the process by which one generation passes culture to the next
Term
Sapir-Whorf thesis
Definition
the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language
Term
values
Definition
culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
Term
beliefs
Definition
specific ideas that people hold to be true
Term
norms
Definition
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
Term
mores
Definition
norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
Term
folkways
Definition
norms for routine or casual interaction
Term
technology
Definition
knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
Term
hunting and gathering
Definition
the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food
Term
horticulture
Definition
the use of hand tools to raise crops
Term
pastoralism
Definition
the domestication of animals
Term
agriculture
Definition
large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
Term
industry
Definition
the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery
Term
postindustrialism
Definition
the production of information using computer technology
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