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| a branch of psycholohy concerned with the links between biology and behavior. |
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| a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
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| the bushy, branching extentions of a neuron that recieve messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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| the extnetion of a neuron, ending in branching terimnal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
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| a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasinf the fibers of many neurons |
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| a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
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| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or the cell body of the recieveing neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft. |
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| chemical messengers that travel the synaptic gaps between neurons. |
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| a neurotransmitter that among its functions, triggers muscle contraction |
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| "morphine within"-- natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure |
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| the bodys speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. |
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| the brain and spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. |
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| neural "cables" containing many axons. |
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| neurons that carry incoming information form the sense receptors to the central nervous system |
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| central nervous sysytem neurons that internally communicateand intervene between the sensory inputs and outputs. |
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| neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. |
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| the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. |
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| the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of internal organs. |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| the division of the automatic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. |
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| parasympatheic nervous system |
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| the division of the automatic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy |
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| a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response. |
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| interconneted neural cells. |
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| an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. |
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| a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body |
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| a visual display of the brain activity that detects where radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain preforms a given task |
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| a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue |
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| the oldest part and central core of the brain, beggining where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic suvival functions |
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| the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing |
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| a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal |
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| the brains sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory recieveing areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
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| the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem |
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| a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the boarder of the brainstem and cerebal hemispheres |
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| two almond-shaped neural clusters that are componets of the limbic system and are linked to emotion |
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| a neural structure lying below the thalmus; it directs several maintenence activies, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion. |
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| the intricate fabric of interconnected neural caells that covers the cerebal hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center |
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| cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
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| the protion of the cerebal cortex lying just behindthe forehead |
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| the portion of the cerebal cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; includes sensory cortex |
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| the portion of the cerebal cortex lying at the back of the head; includes visual areas, which recieve visual information from the opposite visual field |
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| the portion of the cerebal cortec lying roughly above the ears; inclueds the auditory areas , each of which recieves auditory information form the opposite ear |
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| an area of the rear frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
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| the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations |
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| areas of the cerebal cortex that are not invloved in primary or sensory motors functions |
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| impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere either to Broca's area, or to Wernicke's area |
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| controls language expression |
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| controls language reception |
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| the brain's capacity for modificationm as evident in brrain reorganization following damage and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development |
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| the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
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| a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers between them |
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| the body's "slow" chemical communication system |
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| chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the rndocrine system, that are produced in one tissue and affect another |
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| the endocrine systems most in fluential gland; regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
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