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| conscience, morality and social standards |
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| Inherited psychic energies, particularly sexual and aggressive instincts |
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| represents reason, good sense and rational self control |
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| psychic energy that fuels life or sexual instincts of the Id |
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| explains behavior and personality in terms of unconscious dynamics within the individual |
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| First psycho dynamic theory of personality |
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| habitual ways of thinking, behaving and feeling |
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| distinctive pattern of behavior, mannerisms or thoughts and emotions that characterizes an individual over time |
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| methods used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering the brain |
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| in psychoanalytic theory, the involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious |
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| a persons own unacceptable or threatening feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else |
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| occurs when people direct their emotions towards things, animals or people that are not really the object of their feelings |
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| collective unconsciousness |
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| Jungian theory, the universal memories and experiences of humankind, represented in the symbols, stories and images that occur across all cultures |
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| when a feeling that produces and unconscious anxiety is transformed into it's opposite unconsciousness. (a person who is turned on with porn proclaiming "porn is disgusting") |
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| when a person reverts to a precious pahase of psychological development (a kid who is anxious about parents divorce sucking thumb) |
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| when people refuse to admit something unpleasant is happening |
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| oral stage (psychosexual stage) |
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| first year of life, babies experience world through mouth |
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| anal (psychosexual stage) |
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Definition
| 2-3 toilet training and bodily waste are the key issues |
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| phallic (psychosexual stage) |
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Definition
| 3 to 5 or 6, child unconsciously wishes to possess the parent of the other sex and to rid the parent of the same sex. |
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| when a child wants to rid of mommy so she can marry daddy |
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| non sexual, preparation for genital stage |
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| begins with puberty, continues into adulthood |
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| universal, symbolic images that appear in myths, art, stories and dreams |
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| "magical circle in eastern religions, Jung thought symbolizes the unity of life and the "totality of the self" |
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| represents the feminine archetype in men |
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| represents the masculine archetype in men |
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| a psychodynamic approach that emphasizes the importance of the infants first two years of life and the babys formative relationships, especially with the mother |
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| standardized questionanaries requiring written responses; they typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves |
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| a statistical method for analyzing the intercorrelations among various measures or tests scores; clustres of measures or scores that are highly correlated are assumed to measure the same underlying trait or ability (factor) |
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| extroversion vs introversion, neuroticism vrs emotional stability, agreeableness vrs antagonism, conscientiousness vs impulsiveness, openness to experience vs resistance to new experience |
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| changeable aspects of personality (taste of music) |
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| extroversion vs introversion |
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Definition
| talkative or shy, sociable or reclusive |
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| neuroticism vs emotional stability |
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Definition
| inability to control impulses, and a tendency to feel negative emotions such as anger, guilt, contempt and represent |
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| agreeableness vs antagonism |
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Definition
| cooperative or abrasive, good-natured or irritable |
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| conscientiousness vs impulsiveness |
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| responsible vs undependable, persevering or quick to give up |
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| functional units of heredity; they are composed of DNA and specify the structure of proteins |
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| psychological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways; they are present in infancy and are assumed to be innate |
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| a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group |
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| an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with the genetic bases of individual differences in behavior and personality |
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| social-cognitive learning theory |
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| a major contemporary learning view of personality which holds that personality traits result from a person's learning history and his or her expectations, beliefs, perceptions of events and other cognitions |
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| in social cognitive theories, the two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits |
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| unique aspects of a person's environment and experience that are not shared with family members |
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| a program of shared rules that govern the behavior of members of a community or society and a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community |
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| cultures in which the self is regarded as embedded in relationships and harmony with one's group is prized above individual goals and wishes |
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| self is regarded as autonomous, and individual wishes and goals are above duty and relationships with others |
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| a philosophical approach that emphasizes the inevitable dilemmas and challenges of human existence |
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