Term
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Definition
first patient from whom we learned something about the relation between personality and the function of the front parts of the brain.
-Sept 13, 1848 tamping rod went through his skull, though cheekbone, behind eye, out the top of his head, and landed 30 feet away. After accident rude, profane and irritable. Fairly typical for someone with damage to frontal lobes. Started to have epileptic seizure in Feb of 1960 and died a few months later |
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Definition
| a field that studies how biological processes relate to behavioral and mental processes |
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Term
| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
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Definition
| includes the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
| consists of nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord to every other part of the body |
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Definition
| transmits information about body movements and the external environment. |
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| transmits information to and from the internal organs and glands |
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| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
acts like the accelerator of a car, mobilizing the body for action and an output of energy.
Flight or fight response - heart racing |
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
acts more like a brake, it slows your body down, helping you calm down and conserve energy.
*stomach stops digesting in panic mode |
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Term
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Definition
| or nerve cells, are the basic units of the nervous system. they communicate information in the brain and thoughout the body. |
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Definition
| these cells support and nourish the neurons |
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Definition
| aka soma, processes energy and waste, contains nucleus, helps neuron carry out its functions |
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Definition
| branch like figure extending from soma. receive information from adjacent cells (neurons,glands,muscles) |
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Definition
| long extension from cell body that conveys information towards other neurons, or muscles and glands |
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Definition
-white fatty coating
-insulates and increases speed of transmission
-individual fatty parts are Schwann cells
-information is transferred 10 times faster with myelin sheath (it can jump from unmyelated section to unmyelated section (nodes) |
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Definition
| unmyelated section between myelated sections |
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Definition
| sends signals from a neuron to adjacent cells |
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Definition
| connections between neurons (between terminal button and dendrite) |
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Definition
| actual space between two neurons |
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Definition
| neuron sending an impulse across synaptic cleft |
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Definition
| dendrite that receives information after the synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| released by the terminal button. chemicals produced and released by neurons that cause change in other neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| protein molicules in the postsynaptic neuron, embedded in outer layer of dendrite |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer suface of the two cerebral hemishpheres that regulates most complex behavior. Makes up about 80% of the weight of brain. 70% of neurons in central nervous system. Most recently evolved part of the nervous system and more highly developed in humans than in any other animal. |
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Term
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Definition
| "wrinkles" in the brain for more surface area |
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Term
| Divisions of cerebral cortex |
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Definition
interhemispheric fissure(splits front to baack down the middle).
central sulcus |
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Term
| Primary somatosensory cortex |
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Definition
| receives sensory messages from the entire body |
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Definition
| sends messages from the brain to various muscles and glands in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
receives and processes visual information.
Light/dark, colors,shapes.
Blow to the back of the head can cause blindness |
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Definition
-complex visual tasks like pattern recognition,face recognition
-receives and processes information from the ears
-contributes to balance and equilibrium
-regulates emotions and motivations
-ability to understand language |
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Definition
-receives sensory information from all over the body
-also seems to oversee spatial abilities (depth perception, navigation skills) |
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Definition
-remains the most mysterious part of the brain.
-The frontal lobe receives and coordinates messages from the other three lobes of the cortex and seems to keep track of previous and future movements of the body.
-keeps balance via coordination of movement |
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Term
| Lateral prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
-At outer border of your eyebrows
-used in problems solving
-allows one to understand consequences of their actions
-about twice as large in women as men |
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Definition
| goal directed behavior and mature emotional life |
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Term
| Methods for studying behavioral genetics |
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Definition
1. twin studies
2. adoption studies
3. family studies |
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Term
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Definition
| one egg has split. identical twins |
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Term
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Definition
| two eggs are fertilized at the same time. fraternal twins. about 50% of their DNA is the same. |
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Definition
-focus on children who were adopted at birth and brought up by parents not genetically related to them.
-if adopted kids resemble their biological parents ona specific trait, its genetic.
-If adopted cheldren resenble their adopted parents of a specific trait, its an environmental factor |
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Term
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Definition
-If genes influence a trait, close relatives should share that trait more often than distant relatives because close relatives have more genes in common.
-obvious problem with this study is the sharing of environmental factors as well as genetics. |
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