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| Are a person temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure (abbreviated as T, P, R, BP). |
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| Is the difference between the amount of heat produced by the body and the amount of heat lost to the environment measured in degrees. |
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Heat loss ( low body temperature)
95.0 -93.2 F. |
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Exposed to extreme heat for long periods of time.
(high body temperature).
105.8-111.2 F |
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| Is an increase above normal temperature. 98.6 F and above. |
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| Is a throbbing sensation that can be palpated over a peripheral artery, such as radial or carotid artery. |
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| Rapid rate decreases cardiac filling time, which, in turn, decreases stroke volume and cardiac output. Tachycardia occurs if the pulse is 100-180 beats/min |
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| Is a pulse rate below 60 beats/per min. Pluse is normally slower during sleep, in men, and in people who are thin. |
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| An irregular pattern of heartbeats |
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| A difference between the apical and radial pulse rates is called pulse deficit and indicates that all of the heartbeats are not reaching the peripheral arteries or are too weak to be palpated. |
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Definition
Involves ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion.
- Ventilation: (or breathing) is movement of gases in and out of the lungs.
- Inspiration: (or Inhalation) is the act of breathing in.
- Expirations (or exhalation) is the act of breathing out.
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| Normal respirations are called eupena. |
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| An incerased respiratory rate, may occur in repsonse to an increased metabolic rate when a person has a fever. Cells require more oxygen at this time and produce more carbon dioxide that must be removed from the body. |
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| A decrease in respiratory rate, occurs in some pathologic conditions. |
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| Refers to periods during which there is no breathing. If apnea last longer than 4 to 6 minutes brain damage may occur. |
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| Is difficult or labored breathing. A dyspneic patient usually has rapid, shallow respirations and appears anxious. |
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| Dyspneic people can often breath more easily in an up right position. |
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| Refers to the force of the moving blood against arterial walls. The pressure rises as the ventricle contracts (systole) and falls as the heart relaxes (diastole. Creates a pressure wave that transmitted through the arterial system. |
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| The lowest pressure present in arterial walls at this time |
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| The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures |
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Definition
One of the most common health problems, is blood pressure that is above normal.
- Stage 1: 140-159/90-99
- Stage 2: > 160/>100
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Definition
| Is below-normal blood pressure. 90 systolic reading. |
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Term
| Orthostastic Hypostension |
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Definition
| (postural hypotension) is a drop in systolic blood pressure of a number equal to or greater than 20 mm Hg or in diastolic blood pressure of a number equal to or greater than 10 mmHg within 10 minutes of standing. Patient may feel dizzy, faint or weak. |
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| The series of sounds for which the nurse listens when assessing the blood pressure. |
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