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| As disorder increases, entropy _______________________________ |
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Definition
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Definition
| A measure of the disorder of a system. Energy allowed to transform freely goes to an energy form that has greater disorder (dissipated heat) |
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| No heat enters or leaves a system when the system contracts or expands |
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| A chunk of iron has a temperature of 0oC. If a second, identical chunk of iron is twice as hot (has twice the absolute temperature), what is its temperature in degrees Celsius? |
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Definition
| 273oC. The 0oC iron has an absolute temperature of 273oK. When that is doubled, it is 547oK. Converting K to C, subtract 273o, so the temperature of the iron 2X as hot is 273oC. |
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| Thermodynamics is the study of _____________ and ____________ |
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Definition
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Definition
| When molecules have a minimum KE |
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| If 10 J of energy is added to a system that does no external work, by how much will the internal energy of that system be raised? |
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Definition
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| If 10 J of energy is added to a system that does 4 J of external work, by how much will the internal energy of that system be raised? |
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Definition
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| State the first law of Thermodynamics. |
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Definition
∆Heat = ∆internal energy + work
Heat added to a system = the increase in internal energy + external work done by the system. |
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Term
| The process of compression and expansion of gases in the cylinders of an automobile engine happen so quickly that the process is considered ___________________ |
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Definition
| adiabatic. (Heat doesn’t have time to enter or leave the system so the energy becomes mostly work.) |
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| Are constant-temperature processes adiabatic? |
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Definition
| No. When pressure↑, temp ↑ and When pressure ↓, temp↓ for an adiabatic process. |
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| When diesel fuel is compressed in a diesel engine, the temperature gets so high the fuel __________________ combusts without a spark plug. |
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| Give me an equation for the adiabatic form of the 1st law of Thermodynamics. |
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Definition
| Any device that changes internal energy into mechanical work. |
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| State the second law of Thermodynamics. |
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Definition
| Heat will never of itself flow from a cold object to a hot object. No heat engine can convert all heat input into mechanical energy. |
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Term
| When you are dealing with changing internal energy into mechanical energy, is there always “heat exhaust”? |
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Definition
| yes. Heat exhaust is always produced when internal energy is changed into mechanical energy. |
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| What is the common name for undesirable heat exhaust from a heat engine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give me the equation for Carnot efficiency. |
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Definition
| Ideal efficiency = (Thot – Tcold) /Thot T must be in Kelvin |
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| In Carnot’s equation, the greater the temperature differences between the input and output, the _____________ the efficiency. |
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