Term
|
Definition
| Organic molecules associated with living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleotides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simple sugars such as glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ugar composed of two sugar monomers
(COH2)2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A six-carbon sugar that is a major energy source for the body. Synonym: dextrose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Storage polysaccharide found in animal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
molecules made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen, they are not soluble in water as they are non polar
There are also lipid related structures phospholipids and steroids and eicosonoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long chains of carbon bound to hydrogen with an carboxyl at the end (-COOH)
If there is no double bond between carbon atoms it is called a saturated fatty acid
One double bonds in molecule = monosaturated
More than two double bonds in the molecule = polysaturated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipid-related molecules derived from cholesterol structure includes 4 linked carbon molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A chain of more than one hundred amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecule with a central carbon atom linked to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable group of atoms designated “R.” The building blocks of proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chain of 2-9 nine amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A chain of 10–100 amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bond formed between carboxyl group of one amino acid and amino group of another amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a peptide consisting of 2-9 amino acids linked together |
|
|
Term
| primary structure, of protein |
|
Definition
| The sequence of amino acids in the peptide chain |
|
|
Term
| secondary structure, of protein |
|
Definition
Spatial arrangement of amino acids in the chain. |
|
|
Term
| tertiary structure, of protein |
|
Definition
Globular or fibrous three-dimensional shape of a protein molecule
Fibrous: pleated sheets or helixes
Globular: aminoacids that fold back on themselves creating a complex structure including knobs pockets or channels
Globular proteins are soluble in water, they also function as enzymes |
|
|
Term
| quaternary structure, of protein |
|
Definition
Arrangement of a protein with multiple peptide chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A biomolecule used for storage and transfer of information and energy; composed of phosphate groups, a five-carbon sugar, and a base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The ability of an enzyme or receptor to bind to a particular molecule or a group of closely related molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree to which a protein is attracted to its ligand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Molecules that combine with a receptor and mimic a response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An inorganic or nonprotein organic molecule required for activation of protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One substance opposes the action of another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Molecules that bind to the active site of the enzyme, preventing substrate binding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bind to an enzyme away from the binding site and change the shape of the active site |
|
|
