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Chapter 23: Species and Their Formation
Life: The Science of Biology, Eighth Edition
8
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/21/2010

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Term
Binomial Nomenclature
Definition
Invented by Linnaeus; used to classify species based on appearance.
Term
Biological Species Concept
Definition

Ernst Mayr, 1940

Defines a species as an actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other populations.

Term
Allopatric Speciation
Definition
Geographic isolation causes a species to evolve barriers to hybridization, which leads to speciation.
Term
Sympatric Speciation
Definition
Reproductive barriers develop in the same area through specialization on resources like food, or spontaneous genetic mechanisms like polyploidy.
Term
Polyploidy
Definition
Doublings in numbers of chromosomes.
Term
Prezygotic Barriers
Definition

-Habitat isolation

-Temporal Isolation

-Mechanical Isolation

-Gametic Isolation

-Behavioral Isolation

Term
Postzygotic Barriers
Definition

-Low hybrid zygote viability(developmental abnormality)

-Low hybrid adult viability

-Hybrid infertility

Term
Causes to the Difference in Speciation Rate
Definition

-Dietary or niche specialization

-Evolutionary radiations

-Sexual seleciton

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