Term
| Where was Stanley Milgram Conducting his research |
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Term
| What specfic topic was he attempting to study |
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Term
| How do you interpret the laughter of the teacher |
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Definition
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Term
| What other odd body language do you notice |
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Definition
| scratching,uncomfortable,rubbing |
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Term
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Definition
| Not what is true but what we believe to be is true |
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Term
| What are the two major types of methods in sociological research |
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Definition
| Quantitative and qualitative |
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Term
| How are quantitative and qualitative methods different? |
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Definition
| Quantitative methods collect information in number form. Qualitative methods collect information that is not in number form. |
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Term
| When change is observed in two things simultaneously. (when two things change at the same time) |
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Definition
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Term
| When a change in one factor causes a change in another. (cause and effect) |
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Definition
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Term
| Start with a theory; develop a hypothesis; make an empirical observation; analyze data collected; confirm, reject, or modify the original theory. |
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Definition
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Term
| Start with an empirical observation and then work to form a theory |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an independent variable |
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Definition
| A measured factor that the researcher believes has a causal impact on the dependent variable |
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Term
| What is a dependent variable |
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Definition
| The outcome that a researcher is trying to explain |
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Term
| How are the independent and dependent variables related to the concepts of cause and effect in science |
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Definition
| The independent variable is the cause and the dependent variable is the effect |
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Term
| What does it mean to operationalize a variable |
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Definition
| The process by which a researcher specifies the terms and methods that will be used in a particular study. |
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Term
| What are the major types of qualitative methods |
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Definition
| Recording observations, interviews, reviewing archives |
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Term
| What are the main types of quantitative methods |
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Definition
Statistical analysis – studying numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| when your getting a relationship between two variables that is really caused by some third variable that you are not taking into account |
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Term
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Definition
| When it’s performed the same way all the time and in every phase? |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the variable really measuring what you intend to measure? |
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Term
| How do sociologists define culture |
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Definition
| A set of beliefs, traditions, and practices |
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Term
| What is the difference in material and non-material culture |
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Definition
| Material culture can be touched |
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Term
| Everything that is part of our constructed environment, including technology – can be touched |
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Definition
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Term
| Values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms |
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Definition
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Term
| How is culture related to the dominance humans have on the earth |
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Definition
| Human culture allows us to make changes quickly so that we do not have to adapt by natural selection |
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Term
| Define high culture, and give examples |
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Definition
| Taste and items used by upper class to make the distinctions – expensive cars, jewelry, clothes |
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Term
| Define popular culture, and give examples |
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Definition
| Things that become popular within a certain culture at a certain time. – Rubik’s cube, hula hoops, Beanie Babies, Cabbage Patch Kids |
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Term
| How are symbols significant in culture |
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Definition
| It give us language that allow people to communicate |
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Term
| How are ethnocentrism and cultural relativism related to one another |
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Definition
| It judges other cultures and cultural relativism studies the reasons behind differences without judging right and wrong. |
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Term
| What is the significance of language |
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Definition
| Language shapes the perception of the world and influences how we think about the world. |
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Term
| What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis |
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Definition
| The idea that language shapes the perception of the world and how we think. |
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Term
| What is the relationship among values, beliefs, and norms |
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Definition
| Beliefs and norms can change over time, but values generally stay the same |
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Term
| Shared ideas about what is socially desirable. They can influence history. |
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Definition
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Term
| Assertions about the nature of reality that can change over time |
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Definition
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Term
| Folkways – informal laws and taboos |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Groups that share many elements of mainstream culture that maintain their own customs, values, and lifestyles |
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Term
| hegemony of media outlets |
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Definition
| When a group controls society because they are morally strong |
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Term
| In the nature vs nurture debate, which represents social influences and which represents genetic influences |
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Definition
| Nurture represents social influences and nature represents genetic influences |
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Term
| Sociologists focus on which of the influences above: nature or nurture |
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Definition
| Sociologists study social interactions - nurture |
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Term
| When is the human brain developing most rapidly |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parts of the personality, according to Freud |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part is associated with aggression and sexual drives? |
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Definition
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Term
| What concept did Cooley introduce |
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Definition
| The “self” emerges from our ability to assume that the point of view of others and imagine how those others see us |
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Term
| What did George Herbert Mead label the two parts of the self as he saw them |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Meade, which part of the self was the objective self and which was the subjective self? |
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Definition
| The “I” is subjective and the “me” is objective |
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Term
| What is the generalized “other” according to Meade |
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Definition
| Allows us to apply norms and learned behaviors to new situations |
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Term
| What are the major agents of socialization |
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Definition
| Family, school, peers, media, total institutions |
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Term
| What are the types of statuses |
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Definition
| status set, ascribed status, achieved status, master status |
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Term
| What are two major types of total institutions |
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Definition
| Marine corps, boarding schools, monasteries |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which one senses of social values, beliefs, and norms are changed often deliberately through an intense social process (brainwashing) |
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Term
| What technique is associated with Garfinkel |
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Definition
| Breaching experiments – exhibiting abnormal behaviors to see how others react |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of behavioral norms associated primarily with males or females in a given social group |
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Term
| What is meant by the social construction of reality |
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Definition
| People give meaning or value to ideas or objects through social interactions, so reality is constructed moment by moment. |
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