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Chapter 23 Biology Test Review
bio review
58
Biology
9th Grade
02/16/2011

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Term
Most abundant type of plant cell
Spherical, thin, and flexible
2 main function
1. Storage
2. Food production
Definition
Parenchyma
Term
3 differences between animal and plant cells
Definition
cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Term
i. Long cells with evenly thickened cell walls
ii. Allow cells to grow
iii. Provide support for surrounding tissue
1. Ex. Long, tough strands in celery
Definition
collenchyma
Term
i. Thick, rigid cells
ii. Die at maturity
iii. Provide support for plant
iv. 2 types
1. Fibers – support/strength
2. stone cells – give gritty texture
v. major part of vascular tissue
Definition
Sclerenchyma
Term
3 types of cells
Definition
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
Term
4 types of organs
Definition
leaves, roots, stems, flowers
Term
4 types of tissue
Definition
dermal, vascular, ground, meristumatic
Term
4 types of tissue
Definition
dermal, vascular, ground, meristumatic
Term
hair like projections from epidermis of roots
Definition
trichomes
Term
2 types of vascular tissue
Definition
xylem, phloem
Term
3 types of meristumatic tissue
Definition
apical, vascular cambium, cork cambium
Term
i. Flattened parenchyma cells cover all parts of the plant
ii. Covers/protects body of plant
Definition
dermal tissues/epidermis
Term
dermal tissues contain _____ for gas exchange and help prevent water loss
Definition
stomata
Term
control opening/closing of stomata
Definition
guard cells
Term
hair like projections from epidermis of roots
Definition
trichomes
Term
transport food, minerals, and water
Definition
vascular tissues
Term
transport water and minerals from roots to rest of plant
Definition
xylem
Term
dermal tissues contain _____ for gas exchange and help prevent water loss
Definition
stomata
Term
tubular cells that are tapered at one end and carry water. pits allow for water to go from one to the next
Definition
tracheids
Term
transport food, minerals, and water
Definition
vascular tissues
Term
tubular cells that transport water. wider and shorter than tracheids. opened end walls allow water to go from one to the next
Definition
vessel elements
Term
transport sugars and other organic compounds
Definition
phloem
Term
i. Includes all tissues other than dermal and vascular
ii. Functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support
Definition
ground tissue
Term
i. Includes all tissues other than dermal and vascular
ii. Functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support
Definition
ground tissue
Term
regions of actively dividing cells
Definition
meristematic tissue
Term
found at or near tips of roots and stems
Definition
apical meristem
Term
produces new xylem and phloem cells in stems and roots
Definition
vascular cambium
Term
produces tough covering for surface of stems and roots. (ex. outer bark)
Definition
cork cambium
Term
the underground parts of a plant
Definition
roots
Term
central, fleshy root with smaller branch roots
Definition
taproot
Term
numerous roots branching from a central point
Definition
fibrous
Term
tiny extension of epidermal cell
Definition
root hair
Term
tiny extension of epidermal cell
Definition
root hair
Term
forms a waterproof seal surrounding vascular tissue
Definition
endodermis
Term
gives rise to lateral roots
Definition
pericycle
Term
produces cells that causes the root to increase in length
Definition
apical meristem
Term
the aboveground part of plants that support leaves and flowers
Definition
stems
Term
primary function: to trap light energy for photsynthesis
Definition
leaves
Term
many leaflets
Definition
compound
Term
1 leaf per node
Definition
alternate
Term
1 leaf per node
Definition
alternate
Term
2 leaves per node
Definition
opposite
Term
3+ leaves per node
Definition
whorled
Term
photosynthetic tissue
Definition
mesophyll
Term
loss of water through the stomata; regulated by the opening and closing of guard cells
Definition
transpiration
Term
1 cotyledon
Parallel veins
Scattered vascular bundles
Flower parts in multiples of 3
Definition
monocots
Term
2 cotyledons
Netlike veins
Vascular bundles arranged in rings
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Definition
dicots
Term
chemicals that causes a physiological change; regulate growth and development
Definition
hormones
Term
cause stem elongation by increasing rate of cell division
1. Can inhibit growth of side branches
2. Can promote fruit formation and inhibit the dropping of fruit
Definition
auxin
Term
promote growth
1. stimulate cell elongation
2. increase rate of seed germination and bud development
3. enhance fruit formation
Definition
gibberellins
Term
stimulate cell division
1. Stimulate production of proteins needed for mitosis
2. Produced in meristem of root
3. Effects are often enhanced by the presence of other hormones
Definition
cytokinins
Term
promotes ripening of fruits
1. Produced primarily by fruits
2. Causes cell walls to weaken and become soft
Definition
ethylene gas
Term
promotes ripening of fruits
1. Produced primarily by fruits
2. Causes cell walls to weaken and become soft
Definition
ethylene gas
Term
plant's response to an external stimulus that comes from a particular direction
Definition
tropism
Term
direction of plant growth in response to gravity
Definition
gravitropism
Term
grwoth response to touch
Definition
thigmotropism
Term
growing in response to light
Definition
phototrphism
Term
responsive movement not dependent on the direction of the stimulus
Definition
nastic movement
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