Term
| symptoms of bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
| fever, headache, stiff neck often followed by nausea and vomittig; convulsions and coma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| three major causes of bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
| haemophilus influenze, s. pneumoniae and N. menigitides. all are encapsulated (avoiding phagocytosis) can grow in blood stream and reach CSF |
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Term
| Haemophilus influenzae bacteria characteristics |
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Definition
| gram negative rod. part of normal throat microbiota. occasionally enters blood stream. |
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Term
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Definition
| most common in children where risk is high. by 5, children are typically immune due to cross immunity to other agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| cause of meningococcal meningitis. found in throats of healthy carriers. aerobic gram negative cocci |
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Term
| symptoms of neisseria meningitis |
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Definition
| begins with throat infection leading to bacteremia and eventually meningitis. can cause death in a few house after symptoms. highly contagious. |
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Term
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Definition
| most comon in children under 2; sporadic adult cases usually associated with crowded stressful environments |
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Term
| diagnosis and treatment of meningitis |
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Definition
| diagnosis= spinal tap. treatment with intravenous administrations of antibiotics. |
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Term
| S. pnumoniae meningitis bacteria characteristics |
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Definition
| commonly found in nasopharynx. gram positive encapsulated diplococci. |
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Term
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Definition
| leading cause of bacterial meningitis now that haemophilus is on the decline. responsible for ~3000 cases. 30% mortality in cildren, 80% in elderly. |
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Term
| tetanus bacteria chacteristics |
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Definition
| caused by C. tetani. gram positive, spore-forming obligate anaerobic rod. common in soil |
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Term
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Definition
| spasms, contraction of muscles controlling the jaw and death resulting from spasm of respiratory muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| required DTaP immunization. 96% of children have good immunity but only 30% of adults because of boosters. |
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Term
| human tetanus immunoglobulin |
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Definition
| for an unimmunized person made from serum of humans so usually doesn't cause a problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by an neurotoxin produced by C. botulinum. |
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Term
| C. botulinum bacteria characteristics |
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Definition
| obligate anaerobic gram-positive, spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium growing in foods. |
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Term
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Definition
| deadly; causes flaccid paralysis (body goes limp); death by respiratory failure |
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Term
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Definition
| slurred speech, blurred vision and paralysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| few than 1% of cases get paralysis, but is best known for paralysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces. summertime outbreaks for decades. death resulted in respiratory failure |
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Term
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Definition
| virus infects the motor nerve cells of CNS, cells die and paralysis results; invasion of the tonsils and small intestine leads to involvement of lymphatic system and blood stream. |
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Term
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Definition
| inactivated polio vaccine; involves injection of inactivated virus then boosters; only 90% effective |
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Term
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Definition
| oral polio vaccine (OPV); contains three live, attenuated strains of poliovirus and is administered orally. |
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Term
| lyssavirus characteristics |
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Definition
| rabies. single-stranded RNA virus wit no proofreading capability; thus mutant strains develop quickly. |
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Term
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Definition
| contracted through bite of a rabid animal (especially dogs) most common from the bat. |
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Term
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Definition
| spasm of mouth and throat muscles, especially when swallowing liquids (hydrophobia) followed by extensive brain and spinal cord damage and death. with CNS involvement patients express aggitation mixed with intervals of calm. |
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Term
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Definition
| skunks, bats foxes, coyote, bobcat and raccoons. |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple intramuscular injections of vaccine. called PEP (post exposure prophylaxis) |
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Term
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Definition
| vaccination; vets and animal control. |
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Term
| trypanosomiasis brucei gambiense characteristics |
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Definition
| human reservoir, infects animals; associated with steam vegetation of west and central africa. |
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Term
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense characteristics |
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Definition
| domestick livestock reservoir, infects humans; associated with savannahs. |
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Term
| african sleeping sickness transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| african sleeping sickness treatment |
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Definition
| suramin and pentamidin; ineffective once CNS is involved. Melarsoprol=effective after CNS involvment but severly toxis. Eflornithine- crosses blood brain barrier and extremely effective against gambiense |
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Term
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Definition
| changes its surface proteins.. duh |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious misfolded glycolipoproteins associated with mammalian brain. spontaneous or infectious introductionr results in a misfolding cascade, producing insoluble protein fibrils in the brain resulting in death. |
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Term
| diseases of rions in humans |
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Definition
| kuru and creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. |
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Term
| nonhuman diseases of prions |
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Definition
| scrapies=sheep; bovine spongiform encephalophay=boviene; chronic wasting disease=deer/antelope; |
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Term
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Definition
| ~200 cases/year in US often in families suggesting a genetic predisposition. transmission from corneal tranplants observes thus "infectious" transmission is certain |
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Term
| symptoms of creutzfeld-Jacob disease |
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Definition
| memory problems, behavioural changes, personality changes, failing vision and problems ith thinking and judgment. later, involuntary jerking. blindness, loss of speech and death |
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Term
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Definition
| appeared in tribes native to New Guinea; transmission associated with practice of cannibalism. |
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Term
| trypanosomiasis brucei gambiense symptoms |
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Definition
| onset in weeks to months leads to chronic form of illness with fever, headache, CNS involvement and relate symptoms coma and death without effective treatment |
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Term
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense symptoms |
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Definition
| onset within a few days of infection, fever headache,death occurs within weeks or a few months |
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