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| the solid, outer layer of Earth, that consists of the crust and the rigid upper mantle |
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| the theory that explains how the outer parts of Earth change through time |
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| the thin and solid outermost later of the Earth |
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| the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core |
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| a crack in the Earth created when rocks on either side of a break move |
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| the area along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
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| the point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
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| a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition |
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| rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
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| a seismic wave that can move only through solids |
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| the study of earthquakes including their origin, propagation, energy, and prediction |
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| a scale that expresses the magnitude of an earthquake |
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| liquid rock produced under the Earth's surface |
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| the process by which one lithospheric plate moves beneath another as a result of tectonic forces |
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| an opening in the surface of Earth through which volcanic material passes |
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| the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks |
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| a rock formed from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
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| a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
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| precipitation that contains a high concentration of acids, often because of pollution in the atmosphere |
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| a process in which the materials of the Earth's surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity |
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| the process in which material is laid down |
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