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Chapter 21
Vocab Terms
19
Chemistry
10th Grade
02/28/2012

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Term
Nucleons
Definition
Collective atoms; protons and neutrons.
Term
Nuclide
Definition
Atom that is identified by the number of protons and neutrons in it, nucleus
Term
Nuclear Reaction
Definition

Reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom

 

Term
Transmutation
Definition
Change in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in the number of protons
Term
Radioactive Decay
Definition
Spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both.
Term
Nuclear Radiation
Definition
particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay.
Term
Radioactive Nuclide
Marie and Pierre Curie 
Definition
An unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay. Who? concluded that only uranium and thorium were radioactive. They discovered two new radio active elements, polonium and radium.
Term
Alpha Particle
Definition
two protons and two neutrons bound together and is emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay. Helium particles with charge of 2+
Term
Beta Particle
Definition
an electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay
Term
Positron
Definition
Electron with positive charge
Term
Electron Capture 
Definition
inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of its own atom.
Term
Decay Series
Definition
Series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached
Term
Parent Nuclide
Definition
Heaviest nuclide of each decay series
Term
Daughter Nuclide
Definition
Nuclides produced by the decay of the parent nuclide
Term
Artificial transmutation
Definition
bombardment of nuclei with charged and uncharge particles
Term
Transuranium elements
Definition
elements with more than 92 protons in their nuclei
Term
Film Badges
Definition
Exposure of film to measure the approximate radiation exposure of people working with radiation.
Term
Geiger-Muller Counters
Definition
instruments that detect radiation by counting electric pulses carried by gas ionized by radiation
Term
Scintillation counters
Definition
convert scintillating light to an electric signal for detecting radiation.
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