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Chapter 21
Intro to Zoology
44
Biology
9th Grade
04/09/2013

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Term
Taxonomy
Definition
The science of biological classification, it provides an orderly set of laws for arranging organisms into groups
Term
Binomial Nomenclature
Definition
A taxonomical naming system
Term
Dichotomous Key
Definition
Groups animals into classifications
Term
Steps of Classification
Definition
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
Term
Kingdom
Definition
The largest (most inclusive) and most general form of identification
Term
Species
Definition
The smallest, with organisms that have similar characteristics and behavior, they interbreed
Term
Classification of groups has two jobs
Definition
1. Universality
2. Group organisms according to basic characteristics
Term
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
Definition
Process by which new kinds of organisms develop from previously existing organisms
Term
Today's influence of classification
Definition
1. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
2. Technology
Term
Technology in classification
Definition
a. Fossil records
b. Early embryo development is similar
c. Chemical makeup indicates that certain proteins are similar
d. DNA
Term
Circulatory System
Definition
-Transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
-Open, closed, or combo system
-Transports carbon dioxide to the lungs and waste to the kidney
Term
Open System
Definition
The body is filled with blood
Term
Closed System
Definition
The blood is enclosed in the organs (the heart, vessels)
Term
Combo System
Definition
A heart is present that moves blood through the body cavities
Term
Digestive System
Definition
Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the blood stream
-Mechanical or Chemical
Term
Mechanical
Definition
Physical movement-chewing
Term
Chemical
Definition
Chemicals-acid
Term
Complete
Definition
Two openings (one for input and one for output)
Term
Incomplete
Definition
Single opening (one for input and output)
Term
Respiration
Definition
-Oxygen in and carbon dioxide out through lungs, gills, etc
-Needs mucus covering lining for proper gas exchange and protection
Term
Carbon Dioxide
Definition
-Produces weak acid
-by-product of cellular respiration
Term
Carbonic Acid
Definition
Turns blood into acid
Term
Excretory System
Definition
-Removal of liquid waste and toxins from the blood stream
-kidneys, nephridia
-Maintain a balance of H2O and nutrients
Term
Lyses
Definition
Cells absorbs water because of salt
Term
Osmoregulation
Definition
Cell's ability to balance water
Term
Nervous System
Definition
-Detects the internal and external environment and responds appropriately to the condition
-Neurons process and transmit info
-brain,nerves,spinal cord,ganglion
Term
Cephalization
Definition
Making of the brain, brain development from simple to complex organisms
Term
Locomotion
Definition
-Movement from one area to a different area
-Swimming, Walking, etc
-Sessile organisms remain in the same location
Term
Reproduction
Definition
Asexual and sexual
Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
-One individual reproduces itself
- no genetic info exchanged
- binary fission
- budding
Term
Binary Fission
Definition
Equal division (two parts)
Term
Budding
Definition
Unequal division
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
Two individuals reproduce (male and female)
- oviparous
- viviparous
- ovoviviparous
Term
Parental Care
Definition
Care for one another
ex. Emperor Penguin
Term
Altruism
Definition
Sacrifice one's safety for benefit of others
Term
Meiosis
Definition
Production of sperm and egg
Term
Oviparous
Definition
Female lay eggs
Term
Viviparous
Definition
The embryo (fetus) grows in the uterus and is fed by the placenta
Term
Ovoviviparous
Definition
The growing embryo is fed by a yolk, not a placenta
Term
Sagittal Section
Definition
Split into left and right
Term
Transverse
Definition
Anterior/Posterior
Term
Frontal
Definition
Ventral/Dorsal
Term
Ventral
Definition
Tummy area
Term
Ventral Medial Line
Definition
Left and right side
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