Term
|
Definition
| The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs from the human body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much of the drug that is administered actually reaches its target. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Processes and mechanisms by which drugs pass from the external world into the blood stream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug administration involving the GI tract. |
|
|
Term
| Oral and rectal administration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parenteral Administration |
|
Definition
| Drug administration not involving the GI tract. |
|
|
Term
| Injection, inhalation, absorption through skin, and absorption through the mucous membrane. |
|
Definition
| The four parenteral routes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passing from an area of high concentration into an area of lower concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Able to pass through/dissolve in fat. |
|
|
Term
| Soluble, stable in stomach fluid, enter intestine, penetrate the lining of the stomach or intestine, and pass into the blood stream. |
|
Definition
| To be effective in oral administation the drug must be: |
|
|
Term
| Irregular, unpredictable, incomplete, and many drugs irritate the rectum membranes. |
|
Definition
| Cons of rectal administration |
|
|
Term
| Rapid absorption through the lung tissue, faster than intravenously. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Administration through the Mucous Membrane |
|
Definition
| Administration through the membranes in the mouth or nose. |
|
|
Term
| Administration through the Skin |
|
Definition
| Transdermal patches that release that has a controlled release of a drug through the bloodstream near the area of contact. |
|
|
Term
| Intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous |
|
Definition
| The three routes of administration through injection |
|
|
Term
| Rapid rate of absorption, sterile techniques, no drug recall. |
|
Definition
| Three key points about administration by injection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Results that are different from the primary, or therapeutic, effect for which a drug is taken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug-metabolizing enzymes in the cells of either the GI tract or the liver can markedly reduce the amount of the drug that reaches the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that metabolized alcohol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water soluble head groups of complex lipid molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tiny, cylindrical blood vessels with walls that are formed by a thin, single layer of cells packed tightly together.
*Most drugs freely leave the blood through these pores in this membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized structural barrier for the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fatty Barrier that covers the capillary walls. |
|
|
Term
| The size of the drug molecule and lipid solubility. |
|
Definition
| The rate of passage of a drug into the brain depends on: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process that transports larger substances (than glucose, amino acids, and vitamins) like iron and insulin across the capillary walls. |
|
|
Term
| The kidneys, the lungs, the bile, and the skin |
|
Definition
| Routes that drugs can leave the system |
|
|
Term
| Genetic, Cultural, Environmental, Physiological factors |
|
Definition
| Factors that Affect Drug Biotransformation |
|
|
Term
| Environmental Factor for Biotransformation |
|
Definition
| If more than one drug is present in the body they can interact therapeutically or adversely. |
|
|
Term
| For predicting the optimal dosages and dose intervals needed to reach a therapeutic effect, maintaining a therapeutic drug level for the desired period of time, and determining the time needed to eliminate the drug. |
|
Definition
| Why do we need to know the relationship between the time course of drug action and its pharmacological effects? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A constant amount of alcohol is metabolized regardless of the absolute amount of alcohol present in blood. |
|
|
Term
| Steady-State Concentration |
|
Definition
| Plateau of the drug. The level of drug achieved in the blood with repeated, regular-interval dosing. 6x the drug's elimination half-life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A well-defined range of blood levels associated with optimal clinical response. Levels above and below this range are associated with a poor response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More enzyme is available to metabolize a drug as a result of enzyme induction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More drug must be administered to maintain the same concentration in the body and the same therapeutic response. |
|
|
Term
| Cellular-Adaptive (pharmacodynamic) tolerance |
|
Definition
| Receptors in teh brain adapt to the continued presence of the drug, with neurons adapting to excess drug either by reducing the number of receptors available to the drug or by reducing their sensitivity the drug. "Down regulation" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person who is physically dependent needs the drug to avoid the withdrawal symptoms that occur if the drug is not taken. "Abstinence Syndrome" |
|
|
