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Definition
| a flat, sheetlike tendon that connects a muscle with the part that it moves (see abdominal aponeurosis Fig 20-6) |
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| a substance in muscle cells that stores energy for contraction |
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| a complex sugar that is stored for energy in muscles and in the liver |
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| pertaining to a muscle action in which the muscle tenses but does not shorten (literally:same measurement) |
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| pertaining to a muscle action in which the muscle shortens to accomplish movement (literally:means same tone) |
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| awareness of movement; perception of the weight, direction, and degree of movement (-esthesia means "sensation") |
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| an acid that accumulates in muscle cells functioning without enough oxygen (anaerobically), as in times of great physical exertion. The lactic acid leads to muscle fatigue, after which it is gradually removed from the tissues |
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Definition
| a single motor neuron and all of the muscle cells that its branches stimulate |
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| a pigment similar to hemoglobin that stores oxygen in muscle cells |
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| the period during which muscles are functioning without enough oxygen. lactic acid accumulates and leads to fatigue |
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| rapid, jerky movements, especially in the hands, caused by intermittent loss of muscle tone |
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| weakness (prefix a- meaning 'without' and root sthen/o meaning 'strength') |
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| lack of muscle coordination (from root tax/o meaning 'order,arrangement') (adjective:ataxic) |
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| a condition marked by slow, irregular, twisting movements, especially inn the hands and fingers (adjective:athetotic) |
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| a wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ, such as muscular wasting from disuse |
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| forcible tearing away of a part |
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Definition
| alternating spasmodic contraction and relaxation in a muscle (adjective:clonic) |
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| permanent contract of a muscle |
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| involuntary small contraction or twitching of muscle fiber groups (fasciculi) |
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| a nonspecific term for pain, tenderness and stiffness in muscles and joints |
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Definition
| inflammation of fibrous connective tissue, especially the muscle fasciae; marked by pain and stiffness |
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| restless leg syndrome (RLS) |
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Definition
| uneasiness, twitching, or restlessnes in the legs that occurs after going to bed and often leading to insomnia; may be caused by poor circulation or drug side effects |
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Definition
| an acute disease involving diffuse destruction of skeletal muscle cells (root: rhabd/o means 'rod,' referring to the long,rodlike mucle cells) |
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Definition
| a benign tumor of skeletal muscle |
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| a highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle |
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| a general term for inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles associated with joint pain (adjectives: rheumatic, rheumatoid) |
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| a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction; may be clonic (contraction alternating with relaxation) or tonic (sustained); a strong and painful spasm may be called a cramp (adjectives: spastic, spasmodic) |
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| increased tone or contractions of muscles causing stiff and awkward movements |
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| an acute infectious disease caused by the anaerobic bacillus Clostridium tetani. It is marked by persistent painful spasms of voluntary muscles; lockjaw |
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| a condition marked by spasms, cramps, and muscle twitching caused by a metabolic imbalance, such as low blood calcium caused by underactivity of the parathyroid glands |
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| spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; wryneck |
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| spasm of facial muscles after a tap over the facial nerve;evidence of tetany |
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| Health profession concerned with increasing function and preventing disability through work and play activities. The goal of occupational therapy is to increase the patient's independence and quality of daily life |
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| Health profession concerned with physical rehabilitation and prevention of disability. Exercise, massage, and other therapeutic methods are used to restore proper movement |
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| the study and treatment of rheumatic diseases |
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| spasmodic contractions caused by pressing the nerve supplying a muscle; seen in tetany |
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| drug that reduces inflammation; includes steroids, such as cortisone, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |
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Definition
| Non steroidal antiinflammatory drud that does not cause stomach problems associated with othe NSAIDs. Inhibits the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme without affecting the COX-1 enzyme,a lack of which can cause stomach ulcers. Example is celecoxib (Celebrex). These drugs are under study, and some have been withdrawn from the market because of cardiac risk |
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Definition
| a drug that reduces muscle tension; different forms may be used to relax muscles during surgery, to control spasticity, or to relieve musculoskeletal pain |
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Term
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) |
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Definition
| Drug that reduces inflammation but is not a steroid; examples include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and other inhibitors of prostaglandins, naturally produced substances that promote inflammation |
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