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| The basic unit of matter. Contains sub-particles; proton, neutron, electron. |
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| The center of an atom, contains the proton and neutron. |
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| Negatively charged particle (-), in constant motion around an atoms nucleus. Has no mass. |
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| Positively charged, in nucleus of an atom. Has a mass unit of 1 Dalton. |
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| Has no charge, but has mass equal to that of a proton. |
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| A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom. Example: Sodium |
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| Atoms of the same element that contain a diferent number of neutrons creating a different mass number. Example: Carbon 14. |
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| A substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in a definate proportion. Example: H2O, water. |
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| Created when 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Creates Ions. Example: salt NaCl |
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| Formed when an atom gains or loses an electron. Can be positive or negative in charge. Example: Sodium ion loses an electron to become Na+ and Chlorine atom gains an electron to become Cl- |
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| When electrons are shared between atoms. Can be single, double or triple bond. Example: Water |
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| The smallest unit of most compounds. |
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| A slight attraction between the positive and negative portions of molecules very close together. Example: Geckos foot |
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| The attraction of molecules of the same substance. Example: Water molecules have hydrogen bonds which cause beads of water to form on slick surfaces and it is why some spiders can "walk" on water. |
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| The attraction between molecules of different substances. Example: the attraction of water molcules to the surface of a class beaker creates a meniscus. Also causes capillary action. |
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| A material composed of 2 or more elements that are physically mixed together but are not chemically combined. Example: salt and pepper. |
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| All components are dispursed evenly. Example: Salt put into water dissolves and the Na+ and Cl- ions separate chemically. |
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| The substance being dissolved. Example: the salt in a glass of salt water. |
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| the substance in which the solute dissolves. Example: the water in the salt and water example. |
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| Mixtures of water and non-dissolved materials. The pieces of non-dissolved materials are so small however, they do not settle out. |
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| A measurement system for how acidic or basic a substance is. A 14 point scale where 7 is considered neutral, above 7 is basic and below 7 is acidic. |
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| Has a pH below 7 with 0 being the most acidic. Has higher concentrations of H+ ions. |
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| Has a pH above 7 with 14 being the most basic. Created by a decreased number of H+ ions. |
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| A way to control pH. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. |
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| The molecules of living cells that are so large they have a special name. Means "giant" molecules. Formed by Polymerization. |
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| Make up polymers and macromolecules. These are the smallest units. |
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| made up of monomers. May be similar or different monomers that make it up. |
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| Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms. Used by living things as their main source of Energy. |
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| Single sugar molecules. Example: Glucose, galactose and fructose. |
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| Formed by monosaccharides. Example: Glycogen stored in animals. |
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| Not soluble in water. Made mostly of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Can be used to store energy as well as for biological membranes and waterproof coverings. |
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| Not soluble in water. Made mostly of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Can be used to store energy as well as for biological membranes and waterproof coverings. |
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| Not soluble in water. Made mostly of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Can be used to store energy as well as for biological membranes and waterproof coverings. |
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| Not soluble in water. Made mostly of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Can be used to store energy as well as for biological membranes and waterproof coverings. |
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| Not soluble in water. Made mostly of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Can be used to store energy as well as for biological membranes and waterproof coverings. |
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| Macromolecules containing Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon. Polymers made up of monomers called Nucleotides. DNA and RNA |
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| Have three parts. a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. Joined together they form nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. |
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| Macromolecules that contain Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. Polymers made up of the monomers called Amino Acids. |
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| the monomers that make up the polymers called proteins. They are compounds with and amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end. There are more than 20 found in nature. |
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| A process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another. Mass and energy are conserved during these reactions. Always involves changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms. |
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| The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction. |
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| The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. |
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| The energy that is required to get a chemical reaction going. It is a factor in whether the overall reaction releases or absorbs energy. |
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| A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Works by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. |
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| Proteins that act as biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions tha thappen in cells by lowering the activation nergy required by the reaction. |
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| The reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. |
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