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Chapter 2 Test
Chemistry Sections 1-3
49
Health Care
9th Grade
09/24/2008

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Cards

Term
The bonding of two or more atoms results in the formation of a what?
Definition
Compound
Term
The special covalent bonds found only in proteins such as insulin, to help maintain their three dimensional shape are called what?
Definition
Peptide bonds
Term
A reaction in which smaller molecules bond to form a new, larger molecule is called what?
Definition
Synthesis reaction
Term
A reaction in which bonds are broken and a large molecule is changed to smaller ones is called what?
Definition
Decomposition reaction
Term
Water is a solvent, which means that many substances ____________ in water.
Definition
Dissolve
Term
State a specific way in which water as a solvent is important to the body.
Definition
When you eat food
Term
Water is a lubricant, meaning it prevents _________ between surfaces.
Definition
Friction
Term
State a specific way in which water as a lubricant is important to the body.
Definition
When you eat food
Term
What is water found in blood vessels called?
Definition
plasma
Term
What is water found found within cells called?
Definition
Intracellular
Term
What is water found between cells called?
Definition
Interstitial
Term
What is the complete summary reaction of cell respiration?
Definition
C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O = Heat + ATP
Term
What is part of some proteins such as insulin?
Definition
Sulfer
Term
What provides strength in bones and teeth?
Definition
Calcium
Term
What is part of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Definition
Iron
Term
What is part of the hormone thyroxine?
Definition
Iodine
Term
What is necessary for muscle contraction?
Definition
Sodium and Potassium
Term
What is part of DNA and RNA?
Definition
Phosphorus
Term
What may buffer a strong base?
Definition
Carbonic Acid
Term
What may buffer a strong acid?
Definition
Sodium bicarbonate
Term
What type of bond does water have?
Definition
Covalent
Term
What two important compounds are for energy storage in the body?
Definition
glycogen and true fats
Term
What are molecules that catalyze reactions and are all proteins?
Definition
Enzymes
Term
What trace element most essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
Definition
Iron
Term
What serve as a source of energy?
Definition
Carbohydrates
Term
What do carbohydrates contain?
Definition
C, H, O
Term
How are carbohydrates written?
Definition
Prefix and saccharide
Term
How many carbon atoms does glucose have?
Definition
6
Term
How many carbon atoms does pentose have?
Definition
5
Term
What are oligosaccharide? What do they serve as?
Definition
3-20 mono's / antigens
Term
What is blood type determined by?
Definition
Oligosaccharide
Term
What are polysaccharides?
Definition
1000's of glucose molecules
Term
What are chains of glucose made by plants for energy?
Definition
Starch
Term
What is glucose being stored by the body for future use?
Definition
Glycogen
Term
What is a straight chain of glucose made from plant walls?
Definition
Cellulose (Fiber)
Term
What is peristalsis?
Definition
When the intestines contracts and gets stronger
Term
What provide chemical signals, insulation, protect, pad, and store energy?
Definition
Lipids (Fats)
Term
How are lipids written?
Definition
prefix and glycerides
Term
What are phospholipids?
Definition
Not stored energy
Term
What is cholesterol?
Definition
Steriods
Term
What are steroids used by?
Definition
Liver
Term
What are proteins made up of?
Definition
Amino Acids
Term
How many amino acids do human proteins have?
Definition
20
Term
What are amino acids made up of?
Definition
COOH, C, R, H, NH2
Term
What determines the proteins function?
Definition
The bonds and sequence
Term
What is it called where enzymes only fit in certain substances?
Definition
Active Site Theory
Term
What is the change in shape of an enzyme because of change in pH or temperature?
Definition
Denature
Term
What is the change in shape of an enzyme because of change in pH or temperature?
Definition
Denature
Term
A 6-carbon polysaccharide or hexose sugar?
Definition
Glucose
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