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Chapter 2 Life Science
Living Things
32
Science
7th Grade
11/02/2008

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Term
organism
Definition
a living thing
Term
cell
Definition
the basic unit of structure and function in an organism
Term
unicellular
Definition
single-celled organisms
Term
multicellular
Definition
organisms that are composed of many cells that are specialized to do tasks
Term
stimulus
Definition
a change in an organism's surrondings that causes the organism to react
Term
response
Definition
an action or change in behavior
Term
development
Definition
the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism
Term
spontaneous generation
Definition
the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources
Term
autotrophs
Definition
organisms that make their own food
Term
heterotrophs
Definition
organisms that cannot make their own food
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the maintenance of stable internal conditions
Term
classification
Definition
the process of grouping things based on their similarities
Term
taxonomy
Definition
the scientific study of how living things are classified
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
the naming system Linnaeus used (also means two names)
Term
genus
Definition
a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms
Term
species
Definition
a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce
Term
prokaryotes
Definition
organisms whose cells lack a necleus
Term
nucleus
Definition
a dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids-the chemical instructions that direct the cell's activites
Term
eukaryotes
Definition
organisms with cells that contain nuclei
Term
microscope
Definition
an instrument that makes small objects look larger
Term
cell theory
Definition
a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things which state: all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, all cells are produced from other cells
Term
organelle
Definition
cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell
Term
cell wall
Definition
a rigid layer of nonliving material that surronds the cells of plants and some other organisms
Term
cell membrane
Definition
the outside cell boundary that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Term
mitochondria
Definition
the powerhouses of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
Term
ribosomes
Definition
function as factories to produce proteins
Term
Golgi body
Definition
recieves proteins and ither newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
Term
chrloroplasts
Definition
capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
Term
vacuole
Definition
the storage areas of cells
Term
lysosome
Definition
small round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in cells
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