Term
|
Definition
1. The delegates felt that preserving individual rights would be relatively easy.
a. They were constructing a limited government that , by design, could not threaten person freedoms.
b. Powers were dispersed so that each brach or level of government could restrain the others.
c. most delegates believed that the various sates were already protecting individual rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enables people who are detained by authorites to secure an immediate inquiry and reasons why they have been detained. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cant arrest somebody for a law made after event ocurred |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treason can be punishable by death |
|
|
Term
| To prevent tyranny by the majority (3) |
|
Definition
madison believed that it was essential to keep most of the government beyond the control of the masses
1. voters' electorial influence was limited and mostly indirect
2. only house of representattives was directy electe; senators and presidents were indirectly elected, and judges were nominated by the president, which provides for direct popular elction of senators. |
|
|
Term
| Constitution allowed Congress to (4) |
|
Definition
.congress was to be the chief economic policymaker.
.Congres was granted power to tax and borrow, and to appropriate funds.
.Congress was also granted powers to protect property rights
.Were allowed to punish counterfeiters, esure copyrights, legislate rules for bankruptcy, and to regulate interstate and foreign commerce. |
|
|
Term
| Separtations of powers and checks and balances(2) |
|
Definition
1. three braches of government would be relatively indepentdent of the others so that no single branch could control the other.
2.Power was not separated absolutely, but was shared among the three institutions. |
|
|
Term
| Separtations of powers and checks and balances(2) |
|
Definition
1. three braches of government would be relatively indepentdent of the others so that no single branch could control the other.
2.Power was not separated absolutely, but was shared among the three institutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. reflected madison's goal of setting power against power to constrain government actions.
2.The president checks Congress by holding the veto power.
3. Congress hold the purse strings of government, and the Senate has the power to approve presidential appointments
4. Jdicial review was not explicit in the Constituiton, but was asserted by the Supreme Court under John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison
5. Since the framers though much government activity would take place in the states, federalism was considered an additional check on the power of the national government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the power of courts to hold executive and congressional policies unconstituional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Judicial review was established in this 1803 Supreme Court case |
|
|
Term
| The constitutional republic (4) |
|
Definition
1. The framers of the Constitution established a republic
2. This deliberative democracy established an elaborate decison-making process.
3. The system of checks and balances and separation of powers has a conservative bias because it favors the status quo;
4. the madisonian system encourages moderation and compromise, and retards change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system based on the consent of the governed in which power is exercised b representatives of the public |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that is, people desiring chage must usually have a sizable majority rather than a simple majority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.James Madison, Alexander hamilton, and John Jay- writing under the name- Publius- wrote a series of 85 artikels(know as the Federalist Papers) in defense of the constituiton.
2. The Federalist Papers defended the Constituion detail by detail, but also represented an important statement of political philosophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. The snati-Federalist questioned the motives of the writers of the onstitution; they believed that the new government was an enemy of freedom.
2. anti-fedralist believed that the new Constituion was a classbased document, intended to ensure that a particular economic elite controlled the public policies of the national government.
3. thy feared that the new government would erode fundamental liberties and would weaken the power of the states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. James Madison introduced twelve constitutional amendments during the First Congress in 1789.
2. then of the amentdments-know as the Bill of Rights-were ratified by the states and took effect in 1791. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. James Madison introduced twelve constitutional amendments during the First Congress in 1789.
2. then of the amentdments-know as the Bill of Rights-were ratified by the states and took effect in 1791. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. The Federalists specified that the Constituion be ratifeid by specialof the staes, not by state legislature
2. the Constitution itself specified that nine states approve the document before it could be implemented.
3. Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution. New hampshire became the ninth state six month later.
4. George Washington was the electoral college's unanimous choice for president and he took office on April 30 1789. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Stages of amendment process
.Proposal
. ratification
2. All of the amendments to the Constituition have been proposed by Congress; all except one of the successful amendments hafve been ratified by the state legislatures.
3. The president has no formal role in amending the constituiton. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an amendment may be proposed either by a two-thirds vote in each house or chamber of Congress, or by a nation convention call by Congress at the reqest of two thids of the state legislatures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an amendment may be ratified either by the legislature of three-fourths of the states, or by special state conventions called in 3/4 of the states. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of formal amendement (3) |
|
Definition
1. Formal amendments have made the Constitution more egalitarian and democratic.
2. The emphasis on economic issues in the original document is now balanced by amendments that stress equality and increase the ability of a popular majority to affect government.
3. The most important effect has been to expand liberty and equality in America. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the constituion changes informally as well as formally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unwritten body of tardition, practice, and procedure that-when altered-may change the spirit of the Constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can profoundly affect how the Constituion is understood |
|
|
Term
| Changign political practice effect on Constituion |
|
Definition
1. The development of political parties dramatically changed the form of American government
2. Changing political practice has altered the role of the electoral college, which today is often seen as a rubber stamp in selecting the president |
|
|
Term
| Constitution changed by technology |
|
Definition
1. The mass media
2. The bureacracy has grown in importance with the advent of technological developments such as computers.
3. Electronic communications and the development of atomic weapons have enhanced the president's role as commander in chief |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
