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Chapter 2-Chemical Reactions (Book 2)
n/a
33
Chemistry
8th Grade
12/17/2010

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Term
matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
chemistry
Definition
the study of matter and how matter changes
Term
Matter can be described in terms of two kinds of properties
Definition
physical and chemical properties
Term
Changes in matter can be described in terms of 
Definition
physical changes and chemical changes
Term
physical property
Definition
a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance
Term
chemical property
Definition
a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances
Term
physical change
Definition
any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not make the material into another substance
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
the process in which substances undergo chemical changes that result in the formation of new substances
Term
Chemical changes occur
Definition
when bonds break and new bonds form
Term
Chemical reactions involve two main kinds of changes that you can observe
Definition
formation of new substances and changes in energy
Term
precipitate
Definition
a solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction
Term
endothermic reaction
Definition
a reaction in which energy is absorbed
Term
exothermic reaction
Definition
a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
Term
chemical equation
Definition
a short, easy way to show a chemical reaction, using symbols instead of words
Term
Chemical equations use...
Definition
chemical formulas and other symbols instead of words to summarize a reaction
Term
reactants
Definition
the substance you have at the beginning. On the left side of equation
Term
products
Definition
new substance, the right side of the chemical equation
Term

principle of conservation of mass

states tat in a chemical reaction,

Definition
the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products
Term
open system
Definition
matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings
Term
closed system
Definition
matter is not allowed to enter or leave
Term
To describe a reaction accurately,
Definition
a chemical equation must show the same # of each type of atom on both sides of the equations
Term
coefficient
Definition
a number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation
Term
Many chemical reactions can be classified in one of three categories:
Definition
synthesis, decomposition, or replacement
Term
synthesis
Definition
a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a new, more complex substance
Term
decomposition
Definition
a chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products
Term
replacement
Definition
a reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound or when two elements in different compounds trade places
Term
activation energy
Definition
the minimum amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started
Term
concentration
Definition
the amount of one material in a certain volume of another material
Term
catalyst
Definition
a material that increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy
Term
enzyme
Definition
a biological catalyst that lowers that activation energy of reactions in cells
Term
inhibitor
Definition
a material that decreases the rate of a reaction
Term
combustion
Definition
a rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire
Term
fuel
Definition
a material that releases energy when it burns
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