Term
| What is the law of constant composition? |
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Definition
| In a given compound the relative numbers and kinds of atoms are constant. |
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Term
| What is the law of conservation of mass? |
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Definition
| The total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass before the reaction. |
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Term
| What is the law of multiple proportions? |
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Definition
| If two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that can combine with a given mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers. |
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Term
| Metal atoms tend to ______ electrons to form cations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Metal atoms tend to lose electrons to form ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonmetal atoms tend to ______ electrons to form anions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonmetal atoms tend to gain electrons to form ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ionic compounds are generally combinations of ______ and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ compounds are generally combinations of metals and nonmetals. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ compounds are generally composed of nonmetals only. |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular compounds are generally composed of ______ only. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a molecular formula and an empirical formula? |
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Definition
| A molecular formula indicates the actual numbers and types of atoms in a molecule, while an empirical formula only give the relative number of atoms of each type in a molecule. |
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Term
| Name the elements that normally occur as diatomic molecules. |
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Definition
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
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Term
| What is a cation and what is an anion? |
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Definition
| A cation is an ion with a positive charge and an anion is an ion with a negative charge. |
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Term
| Cations formed from nonmetal atoms have names that end in ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Monoatomic (one-atom) anions have names formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Polyatomic (many-atom) anions containing oxygen have names ending in ______ or ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The prefix ______ indicates one more O atom than the oxyanion ending in ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The prefix ______ indicates one less O atom than the oxyanion ending in ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion are named by adding as a prefix the word ______ or ______, as appropriate. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main subatomic particles that make up the atom? |
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Definition
| Proton, neutron, and electron |
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Term
| The ______ is the most massive particle. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ is the least massive particle. |
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Definition
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Term
| What isotope is used as the standard in establishing the atomic mass scale? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| A basic class of hydrocarbons where each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms. |
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Term
| What happens when NaC2H3O2 is added to a solution of HC2H3O2? |
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Definition
| Because C2H3O2- is a weak base, the pH of the solution increases; that is, [H+] decreases. |
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