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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
Vocabulary from chapter 1 of 'Sociology: A brief introduction' by Richard T. Schaefer
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Undergraduate 1
08/09/2012

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Term
Anomie
Definition
The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
Term
Applied sociology
Definition
The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations.
Term
Basic sociology
Definition
Sociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena. Also known as pure sociology.
Term
Clinical sociology
Definition
The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions.
Term
Conflict perspective
Definition
A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation.
Term
Cultural capital
Definition
Noneconomic goods, such as family background and education, which are reflected in a knowledge of language and the arts.
Term
Double consciousness
Definition
The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities.
Term
Dramaturgical approach
Definition
A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers.
Term
Dysfunction
Definition
An element or process of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its stability.
Term
Feminist view
Definition
A sociological approach that views inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization.
Term
Functionalist perspective
Definition
A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.
Term
Globalization
Definition
The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
Term
Ideal type
Definition
A construct or model for evaluating specific cases.
Term
Interactionist perspective
Definition
A sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole.
Term
Latent function
Definition
An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes.
Term
Macrosociology
Definition
Sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations.
Term
Manifest function
Definition
An open, stated, and conscious function.
Term
Microsociology
Definition
Sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means.
Term
Natural science
Definition
The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change.
Term
Nonverbal communication
Definition
The sending of messages through the use of gestures, facial expressions, and postures.
Term
Science
Definition
The body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
Term
Social capital
Definition
The collective benefit of social networks, which are built on reciprocal trust.
Term
Social inequality
Definition
A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.
Term
Social science
Definition
The study of the social features of humans and the ways in which they interact and change.
Term
Sociological imagination
Definition
An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past.
Term
Sociology
Definition
The scientific study of social behavior and human groups.
Term
Theory
Definition
In sociology, a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behaviors.
Term
Verstehen
Definition
The German word for "understanding" or "insight"; used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions.
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