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chapter 1: vocab
chapter 1
24
Biology
10th Grade
11/28/2010

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Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
Term
biology
Definition
science that seeks to understand the living world
Term
cell
Definition
collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier at separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
Term
cell culture
Definition
group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell
Term
cell fractionation
Definition
technique in which cells are broken into peices and the different cell parts are separated
Term
compound light microscope
Definition
microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image
Term
controlled experiment
Definition
a test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all other variables the same
Term
data
Definition
evidence; information gathered from observations
Term
electron microscope
Definition
microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen
Term
evolution
Definition
change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
Term
homeostasis
Definition
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Term
hypothesis
Definition
possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question
Term
inference
Definition
logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience
Term
manipulated variable
Definition
factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely changes; also known as independent variable
Term
metabolism
Definition
set of chemical reactions through which an organsm builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
Term
metric system
Definition
decimal system of measurement based on certain physical standards and scaled on multiples of 10
Term
microscope
Definition
device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye
Term
observation
Definition
use of one or more of the senses-sight, hearing, touch, smell, and sometimes taste-to gather information
Term
responding variable
Definition
factor in an experiment that a scientist wants to observe, which may change in response to the manipulated variable; also known as a dependent variable
Term
science
Definition
organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world; also, the body of knowledge that scientists have built up after years of using this process
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism
Term
spontaneous generation
Definition
hypothesis(disproven) stating that life could arise from nonliving matter
Term
stimulus
Definition
a signal to which an organism responds
Term
theory
Definition
well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
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