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AP Gov Chapter 1 The Political Landscape Vocab.
N/A
25
Political Studies
12th Grade
09/18/2013

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Term
Government
Definition
The formal vehicle through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted
Term
Social Contract Theory
Definition
The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused b y Hobbes and Locke and influential in the Declaration of Independence
Term
Direct Democracy
Definition
A system of government in which members of the policy meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule
Term
Indirect Democracy
Definition
A system of government that gives citizens the oppurtunity to vote for representatives who work on their behalf
Term
Republic
Definition
A government rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative or indirect democracy
Term
Republic
Definition
A government rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative or indirect democracy
Term
Monarchy
Definition
A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all
Term
Totalitarianism
Definition
A form of government in which power resides in a leader who rules according to self-interest and without regard for individual rights and liberties
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
A form of government in which the right to participate is conditioned on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement
Term
Democracy
Definition
A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives
Term
Political Culture
Definition
Commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate
Term
Personal Liberty
Definition
A key characteristic in US democracy. Initially meaning freedom from governmental interference, today it includes deamnds for freedom to engage in a variety of practices without governmental interference or discrimination
Term
Political Equality
Definition
The principle that all citizens are the same in the eyes of the law
Term
Popular Consent
Definition
The principle that governments must draw their powers from the consent of the governed
Term
Majority Rule
Definition
The central premise of direct democracy in which only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made into law
Term
Popular Sovereignty
Definition
The notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people
Term
Natural Law
Definition
A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason
Term
Political Ideology
Definition
The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals
Term
Conservative
Definition
One who believes that a government is best that governs least and that big government should not infringe on individual, personal, and economic rights.
Term
Social Conservative
Definition
One who believes that traditional moral teachings should be supported and furthered by the government
Term
Liberal
Definition
One who favors governmental involvement in the economy and in the provision of social services and who takes an activist role in protecting the rights of women, the elderly, minorities, and the environment
Term
Moderate
Definition
A person who takes a relatively centrist or midlle of the road view on most political issues
Term
Libertarian
Definition
One who believes in limited government and no governmental interference in personal liberties
Term
Politics
Definition
The study of who gets what, when, and how; or how policy decisions are made
Term
American Dream
Definition
An American ideal of a happy, successful life, which often includes wealth, a house, a better life for one's children, and for some, the ability to grow up to be president
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