Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Forms of life too small to be seen with the naked eye |
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Term
"Viable but not culturable"
Why? |
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Definition
Alive but we can't grow it in the lab.
We might not have the right medium or be able to isolate it. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Life (9) |
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Definition
| Metabolism, growth, reproduction, differentiation, communication, movement, genetic variation/evolution, response/adaptation to the external environment, and homeostasis. |
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Term
| Why aren't viruses considered alive? |
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Definition
Don't replicate outside of a host cell
Usually little to no biochemical activitiy outside of a host cell
Inert & nonreactive to environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses that invade bacteria |
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Term
| What macromolecules are necessary for life? |
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Definition
| Polypeptides, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides |
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Term
| Polypeptides necessary for life |
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Definition
Amino acids
Enzymes that catalyze the vast majority of biochemical reactions in the cell. Other proteins are structural components of cells.
Weight of Cell: 50-55% |
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Term
| Nucleic acids necessary for life |
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Definition
Deoxyribonucleotides
->For DNA; genes. Weight of Cell: 2-5%
Ribonucleotides
->For RNA; produce polypeptides. Weight of Cell: 15-20% |
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Term
| Lipids necessary for life |
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Definition
Diverse structures
Makes up cellular membranes that form physical boundary between the inside of cell and surroundings and membranes of internal organelles.
Weight of Cell: 10% |
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Term
| Polysaccharides necessary for life |
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Definition
Sugars
Structural and energy storage
Weight of Cell: 6-7% |
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Term
| How did microbial life arise? |
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Definition
Early conditions formed RNA molecuels & micelles.
Came together into a primitive cell for storing genetic information and coding.
Primitive cells eventually switched from RNA to DNA.
The micelle may have been the early version of the plasma membrane. |
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Term
| How did eukaryotes appear? |
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Definition
Endosymbiotic Theory
Primitive prokaryotes ingested other microbes.
Mitochondria - respiration
Chloroplasts - taking in light energy |
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Term
| What are the two perspectives we use to examine microbial genomes? |
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Definition
1. Examining effects on single mutations in DNA individually.
2. Studying and comparing pieces of genomes to each other (bioinformatics) across domains. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhanced the spread and ease of doing DNA sequence examinations. Helps compare and contrast organisms in different domains. |
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Term
| How does the studying of genetic microbes help humans? |
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Definition
Altering the genomes of microbes allows us to mass-produce molecules that humans want.
Example: the production of human insulin by inserting the gene into E.Coli cells |
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Term
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Definition
What is normally in our gut.
Differs by age.
Influences health. Ex: prevents Clostridium difficile. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid, Liquid, Semi-fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Devoid of all living organisms
Liquid is clear during this stage |
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Term
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Definition
| Descripes liquid that is not sterile; cloudy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria use it to survive |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of vehicle for solid agar |
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Term
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Definition
1. The suspected pathogenic organism should be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals.
2. The suspected oranism should be grown in pure culture.
3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected organism should cause disease in a healthy animal.
4. The organism should be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original. |
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Term
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Definition
Nutrient algar
Triptic soy algar (higher quality) |
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Term
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Definition
Using inoculating tool (needle or loop)
4 quadrants
To grow colonies started by a single cell |
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Term
| What has caused a reduction in deaths from disease? |
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Definition
Antispetics
Sanitation improvements
Food/water safety
Personal hygiene improvements
Vaccination
Treatment of infections |
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