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Chapter 1: The Democratic Republic
Describes the basis of politics and our american government
28
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
09/17/2011

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Term
Politics 
Definition
Can be understood as the process of resolving conflicts and deciding "who gets what, when, and how" 
Term
Institution 
Definition
An ongoing oraganization that performs certain functions for society 
Term
Government 
Definition
Can be defined as an institution within which decisions are made that resolve conflicts and allocate benefits and privileges.
Term
Authority 
Definition
The right and power to enforce its decisions 
Term
Legitimacy 
Definition
When people accept the government's right to establish rules and laws. 
Term
Totalitarian Regime 
Definition
A small group of leaders or single individual, a dictator, makes all political decisions for the society, including political, social, economic life is controlled by the government. 
Term
Authoritarianism 
Definition
Only the government itself is fully controlled by the ruler. Social and economic institutions that exist are not under the government's control. 
Term
Aristocracy 
Definition
"ruled by the best"; meant rule by the wealthy members of ancient families 
Term
Theocracy 
Definition
means ruled by self-appointed religious leaders 
Term
Oligarchy 
Definition
"Rule by the few" 
Term
Democracy 
Definition
Rule by the people 
Term
Direct democracy 
Definition
Citizens of a community debated and voted directly on all laws, even those put forward by the ruling council of the city. 
Term
Initiative 
Definition
A procedure by which voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment. 
Term
Referendum 
Definition
An electoral device whereby legislative or constitutional measures are referred by the legislature to the voters for approval or disapproval. 
Term
Recall 
Definition
A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from office before his or her term has expired. 
Term
Republic 
Definition
meaning a government in which sovereign power tests with the people, rather than a king or a monarch 
Term
Popular sovereignty
Definition
The concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people 
Term
Majoritarianism 
Definition
A political theory holding that in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want. 
Term
Elite Theory 
Definition
A perspective holding that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self-interest. 
Term
Pluralism 
Definition
A theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups. Political decision making is characterized by bargaining and compromise 
Term
Political Culture 
Definition
the patterned set of ideas, values, and ways of thinking about government and politics that characterized its people 
Term
Political Socialization 
Definition
The process by which political beliefs and values are transmitted to new immigrants and to our children 
Term
Dominant Culture 
Definition
Refers to values, customs, and language established by the groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society 
Term
Political ideology 
Definition
Is a closely linked set of beliefs about politics 
Term
Conservatism 
Definition
Includes the idea that government should play only a limited role in helping individuals. Includes support for traditional values. Believe that the private sector probably can outperform the government in almost any activity 
Term
Liberalism 
Definition
includes advocacy of government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change. 
Term
Socialism 
Definition
Typically advocated replacing investor ownership of major businesses with either government ownership or ownership by employeer cooperatives 
Term
Libertarianism 
Definition
Strongly support property rights and  typically oppose regulation of the economy and redistribution of income. 
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