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| European country that financed Columbus' voyage across the Atlantic in 1492 |
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| French explorer who discovered and mapped the St. Lawrence River |
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| an imaginary line that ran north to south and divided any new overseas territories between Portugal and Spain |
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| this gentlemen founded the first French settlement and trading post, Quebec, on the banks of the Saint Lawrence River |
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| Inca emperor that was captured and held hostage by Francisco Pizarro |
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| name given to people who were born of Native American and Spanish parents |
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| can be defined as "sailing completely around the globe" |
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| Spanish conquerers who made their way to the Americas in the hope of conquering Central America as well as finding gold and silver |
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| this Portuguese mariner discovered the strait at the southernmost tip of South America that would later be named after him |
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| brought back from America, became an important crop in Europe because the same amount of land planted in potatoes instead of rye could feed four times the same amount of people |
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| ships the Vikings ussed to venture from their homeland |
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| is the first permanent town established by Europeans in what is today the United States |
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| Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521 |
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| drew maps of a round world projected onto a flat surface, complete with lines of longitude and latitude |
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| Spanish forts built to prtect settlers and served as trading posts |
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| was a northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean |
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| found a water route to Asia around the tip of Africa |
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| Native American woman who became one of Cortes's closest advisers |
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| this individual along with 35 of his men, explored the coast of Labrador and may have spent a winter in Newfoundland |
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| individuals born in the colonies to Spanish parents |
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| the road that linked missions from San Diego to San Francisco |
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| large cattle ranches created by the Spaniards to help feed miners |
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| a series of complex interactions between people and ecologies that was set mention with the arrival of European colonists in Americas |
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| the Italian explorer whom the Americas were named after |
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| system used by the Spanish Monarch to reward conquistadors with the land and the right to demand both labor and taxes from the Native Americans |
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| Spanish governor of Puerto Rico who gave Florida its name and clamed the land for Spain |
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| confirmed Portugal's right to control the route around Africa to India and confirmed Spain's claim to most of the newly discovered lands in America |
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| millions of Native Americans died after coming in contact with Europeans, because they had no immunity to European diseases |
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| thought he had reached the Indies when he landed in the Bahamas |
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| the god that Montezuma believed would someday return to conquer the Aztec |
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| this state was named after the French king Louis XIV |
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| capital city of the Aztec empire on which the Spanish later built Mexico City |
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| became the first European to gaze upon the Pacific ocean after hacking his way across Central America |
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