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| was a period of renewed interest in the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome |
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| this navigational device determines direction, latitudes, and local time by using the position of the sun |
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| were the two different groups who made the Far North their home |
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| huge ice sheets during the Ice Age that contained much of earth's water |
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| was the largest of the three African civilizations |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| set up a coastal center for astronomical and geographical studies in the country of Portugal |
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| slash and burn agriculture |
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| a farming technique in which the land is cleared and made fertile by cuting down and burning forests |
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| is a good spirit that the Pueblo people believed brought messages from the gods to their town annually |
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| was the ancient city established by the Aztec civilization |
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| was built by the Mississippian people and was one of the largest cities early Americans ever built |
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| economic system in which peasants provide services to a feudal lord in exchange for protection |
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| scientific method used by scientists to calculate the age of material |
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| was the most important crop grown by Native Americans |
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| Spain, England, France and Portugal |
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| were the four strong western European states that emerged as kingdoms unified in the mid-1400's |
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| are long rectangular buildings that were built by the Iroquoian Indians of New York |
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| anthropologists believe these people were the first to build a civilization in the Americas |
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| were among the animals hunted by the Inuit people |
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| dramatically changed life for the Sioux and others on the Great Planes |
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| most enslave people in African Societies had been captured in war |
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| these people conquered Ghana and built the empire of Mali |
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| a highly organized society marked by advance in knowledge of trade, government, the arts, science, and often written language |
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| found a water route to eastern Asia around the tip of Africa |
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| these people built the Songhai empire |
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| was a period in time after the collapse of the Roman empire, when trade declined, roads fell into disrepair,law and order vanished, and money was no longer in use |
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| these ships were used by Portuguese explorers and were outfitted with the latest technology |
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| are peole who moved from place to place following the herds they hunted |
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| this civilization had a talent for engineering as well as the mathematics, and developed complex and accurate calendars |
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| under this political system a king would give estates to nobles in exchange for their military support |
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| allowed the three great empires Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa to prosper through trading |
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| the emerge of this empire facilitated the flow of goods to the East |
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| was the Mali city that became a great center of trade and Muslim worship |
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| were "holy wars" waged by the catholic church during the Middle Ages to recapture the "Holy Land" of Palestine from the Muslims |
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| are believed to have changed western European society by bringing Europeans into contact with the Muslim and Byzantine civilizations of the Middle East |
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