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A set of mathematical operators that performs a particular mathematical task.
A series of cell references and operators that produces a particular outcome. |
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| A set of premises (and that is exactly what you need to provide within the parentheses of any function) that the function is to carry out. |
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Average
(Measures of central tendency) |
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Definition
A function that returns the mean of its arguments.
The one value that best represents an entire group of scores.
The most representative score in a set of scores.
It comes in three flavors: the mean, the median, the mode, and the mid-range.
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It is simply the sum of all the values in a group divided by the number of values in that group.
So, add up scores, divide by the number of scores.
A measure of central tendency that measures all the scores in the data sets and divides by the number of scores. |
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| Used to define the percentage of cases equal to and below a certain point in a distribution or set of scores. |
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you use information (data) to make predictions about the future.
Tools that are used to infer characteristics of a population from results based on a sample. |
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| study information aboutthings that have already happened and use numbers to describe what has happened. |
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Information: * numbers, * numerical information, * words, etc.
A record of an observation or an event such as a test score, a grade in math class, or response time. |
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| not numerical but characteristics = color, weather, gender |
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| might not refer to people but can also be the entire set of things you are studying |
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| a subset or portion of the population |
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| a small group of the population |
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The center of the data - the data must be in increasing order to find the median.
If you have an odd number of data values, the median is the value in the exact center of that list.
If you have an even number of data values, find the two values in the middle, add them together and divide by 2.
The point at which 50% of the cases in a distribution fall below the point and 50% fall above.
Q1 - the median of the first half of the data, or 25th percentile
Q2 - the 50th percentile
Q3 - the median ofthe second half of the data, or the 75th percentile. |
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The data value (if any) that shows up most often in the data set.
If two things are tied for the lead, they are both called the mode and if more than 2 are tied, there is no mode.
The most frequently occurring score in a distribution. |
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| A type of average where you add the biggest data value to the smallest and divide by 2. |
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The percent (%) of data at or below that level.
Ex: If a data value is in the 70% percentile, that means that (approximately) 70% of the data is less than that data value.
A percentile can be found by taking the number of data balues less than or equal to your position, and divide that by the total number of data values (it will give a decimal #) |
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| Those scores in a distribution that are noticeably more extreme than the majority of scores. Exactly which score is an outlier is usually an artibrary decision made by the researcher. |
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| A set of tools and techniques used to organize, describe, and interpret information. |
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