Term
| Diagnostic Classification System |
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Definition
| Classify the disorders that people have, not the people. Simply put, the person is not the diagnosis. |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Classification |
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Definition
1. Due to providing information in a shorthand form, an arry of personal details about the actual person is lost.
2. Stigma associated with having a psychiatric diagnosis.
3. Stereotyping (automatic beliefs concerning other people that are based on minimal (often trivial) information)
4. Labeling. Once a group of symptoms is given a name and identified by means of a diagnosis, this "diagnostic label" can be hard to shake even if the person later makes a full recovery.
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Term
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Definition
1. Most sciences rely on a classification system that provides us with a nomenclature (a naming system) and enables us to structure information in a more helpful manner.
2. Organizing information within a classification system allows us to study the different disorders and to learn more about what cause them and how they might best be treated.
3. Defining the domain of what is considered to be pathological establishes the range of problems that the mental heal profession can address. |
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Term
| DSM-5 Definition of Mental Disorder |
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Definition
| A behavioral or psychology syndrome (or pattern) that is present in an individual that reflects some kind of underlying psychobiological dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| American Psychiatric Association's Manual accepted in the United States, that defines various types of mental disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Because decisions about abnormal behavior always involve social judgments and are based on the values and expectations of society at large, means that culture plays a role in determining what is and is not abnormal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Research suggests that in people with mental illness, dangerousness is more the exception than it is the rule. |
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Term
| Irrationality and Unpredictability |
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Definition
| A point at which we consider a given unorthodox behavior abnormal. |
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Term
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Definition
| When someone violates a social rule, those around her may experience a sense of discomfort or ease |
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Term
| Violations of the Standards of Society |
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Definition
| a behavior is most likely to be viewed as abnormal when it violates the standards of society and is statistically deviant or rare |
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Term
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Definition
| If something is statistically rare and undesirable (as is severely diminished intellectual functioning), we are more likely to consider it abnormal than something that is statistically rate and highly desirable (such as genius) or something that is undesirable but statistically common (such as rudeness) |
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Term
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Definition
| Maladaptive behavior is often an indicator of abnormality; however, not all disorders involve maladaptive behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Although suffering is an element of abnormality in many cases, it is neither a sufficient condition (all that is needed) nor even a necessary condition (a feature that all cases of abnormality must show) for us to consider something as abnormal. |
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Term
| The more someone has difficulties in the following areas, the more likely he is to have some form of mental disorder. |
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Definition
1. Suffering
2. Maladaptiveness
3. Statistical Deviancy
4. Violation of the Standards of Society
5. Social Discomfort
6. Irrationality and Unpredictability
7. Dangerousness |
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Term
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Definition
| whether a disorder runs in families |
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Term
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Definition
| automatic beliefs concerning other people that we unavoidably learn as a result of growing up in a particular culture |
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Term
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Definition
| a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively |
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Term
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Definition
| To count everyone who experienced depression at any point in time throughout the entire year. |
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Term
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Definition
| the estimated proportion of actual, active cases of a disorder in a given population at a given point in time. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of active cases in a population during any given period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health- related behaviors in a given population |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the number of new cases that occur over a given period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| an estimate of the number of people who have had a particular disorder at any time in their lives |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of two or more disorders in the same person |
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Term
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Definition
| the extension of research findings and conclusions from a study conducted on a sample population to the population at large |
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Term
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Definition
| prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| to have trained observers record the number of times children who are classified as being aggressive hit, bite, push, punch, or kick their playmates |
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Term
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Definition
| having our research participants complete questionnaires of various types. Another way of collecting self-report data is from interviews. The researcher asks a series of questions and then records what the person says. |
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Term
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Definition
| an effort to explain, predict, or explore something. |
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Term
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Definition
| to select people who are representative of the much larger group of individuals with the disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| People with the disorder being studied |
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Term
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Definition
| (sometimes called a control group). A group of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied but who are comparable in all other major respects to the criterion group |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects how confident we can be in the results of a particular given study |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which we can generalize our findings beyond the study itself |
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Term
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Definition
| The strength that a correlation is measured by |
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Term
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Definition
| an inverse correlation between the variables of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| measures vary together in a direct, corresponding manner |
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Term
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Definition
| studying the world as it is |
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Term
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Definition
| the likelihood that a relationship between two or more variables is caused by something other than chance. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fact that an observed correlation between two variables may be due to the common correlation between each of the variables and a third variable rather than any underlying relationship (in a causal sense) of the two variables with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the size of the association between two variables independent of the sample size. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| factor that is manipulated |
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Term
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Definition
| scientists control all factors except one—the factor that could have an effect on a variable or outcome of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| to identify individuals who have a higher-than- average likelihood of becoming psychologically disordered and to focus research attention on them before any disorder manifests. |
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Term
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Definition
| to collect information about how the patients behaved early in their lives with the goal of identifying factors that might have been associated with what went wrong later |
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Term
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Definition
| enable experimenters to control for the possibility that simply believing one is getting an effective type of treatment produces a therapeutic benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| neither the subjects nor the experimenter who was working with the subjects know who got the actual item, not the placebo |
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Term
| single-case research designs |
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Definition
| case studies used to develop and test therapy techniques within a scientific framework |
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Term
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Definition
| we study not the true item of interest but an approximation to it. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with understanding the nature, causes, and treatment of mental disorders. |
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