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Chapter 1A
Sociology Chapter 1A for Exam 1
13
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
05/03/2009

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Term
Sociology
Why do we study it?
Definition
Sociology is the study of soceity. The term sociology was coined by Comte. Sociology is studied to gain a different perspective on life and other cultures.
Term
Sociological perspective
Definition
Sociological perspective is the way you view the world sociologically, or using sociology.
Term
Symbolic interactionism
Definition
A sociological perspective that concentrates on how people use symbols to develop their views of life and the world and to communicate with one another.
Term
Functional analysis
Definition
A sociological perspective that emphasizes soceity as a whole units with different inter-related parts working together in harmony.
Term
Conflict theory
Definition
Sociological perspective that concentrates on class conflict, ie, rich vs. poor, also known as bourgeoisie vs proletariat.
Term
Auguste Comte
Definition
Founder of sociology. Was the first to use scientific method to analyze the social world, aka positivism.
Term
Herbert Spencer
Definition
Second founder of sociology. Came up with social darwinism and survival of the fittest, where the most fit and intelligent members of soceity survive and the less capable die out.
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
One of the world's greatest modern thinkers. Believed that the engine of human history is class conflict. Also credited with being the founder of Marxism. Communism was a latter application of his ideas.
Term
Emile Durkheim
Definition
Primary goal was to get sociology recognized as a seperate academic discipline. Wanted to show how social forces affect people's behavior.
Term
Max Weber
Definition
German sociologist and contemparary of Durkheim. One of the most influential sociologists. Believed that religion was the central force in human change. Believed that Roman Catholic belief system encouraged members to hold onto traditional ways of life, while Protestants encouraged change. Came up with the Protestant Ethic, living frugally and investing the surplus to make even more.
Term
Harriet Martineau
Definition
First woman sociologist. DISCREDITED BECAUSE SHE WAS FEMALE.
Term
Jane Addams
Definition
First female social worker. Founder of the Hull-House, a center to help immigrants in Chicago.
Term
W.E.B. DuBois
Definition
Lifetime research interest was the relationship between Whites and Blacks, he emphasized dual consciousness instead of race.
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