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| the systematic study of human behavior in a social context |
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| the organization of the social world |
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| sociologist that demonstrated that suicide is more than just an individual act of desperation, it relates to social solidarity |
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| the degree to which group members share beliefs, and intensity and frequency of their interaction |
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| stable patterns of social relations that affect your innermost thoughts and feelings, influence your actions, and thus help shape who you are. |
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| patterns of intimate social relations |
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| patterns of social relations that lie outside and above your circle of intimates and aquantences |
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| the traditional system of economic and political inequality between women and men in most societies, important macrostructure |
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| patterns of social relations that lie outside and above the national level, including international organizations, patterns of worldwide travel and communication, and the economic relations between countries |
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| "C. Wright Mills" -the ability to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures |
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| encouraged view that sound conclusions about the workings of society must be based on solid evidence, not just speculation |
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| invilved citizens of the US, France and other countries broadening their participation in governemtn and suggested that people organize society and that human intervention can therefore resolve social problems |
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| the rapid economic transformation that involved the large scale application of science and technology to industrial processes, the creation of factories, and the formation of working class. |
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-coined the term Sociology
-eager to adopt the scientific method in his study of society
-a conservative thinker motivated by strong opposition to rapid change in french society |
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2nd founder of sociology
-strongly influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution
-he believed that like biological organisms, cocietiesare composed on interdependent parts, evolve from "barbaric" to "civilized". |
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| tentative explanations of some aspect of social life, that state how and why certain facts are related |
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| the process of carefully observing social reality, often to "test" a theory or asses its validity |
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-Human behavior is governed by stable patterns of social relations or social structures, usually marco structures
-social structures maintain or undermine "social stability"
-social structures are based mainly on "shared values"
-reestablishment of "equilibrium" can best solve most social problems |
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| the foremost american proponent of functionalism who identified how various institusions work to ensure the smooth operations of society as a whole. |
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| ideas about what is considered right and wrong |
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| proposed that social structures may have different consequences for different groups of people |
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| intended and easily observed |
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| unintended and less obvious |
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| emphasizes the centrality of conflict in social life |
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| originated conflict theory in his observation of the destination and discontent produced by the Industrial Revolution |
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| the struggle between classes (the center of Marxist ideas) |
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| workers becoming aware of their exploited class |
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| early advocate of conflict theory and conducted pioneeering studies of race in the United States |
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| the belief that religious doubts can be reduced, and a state of grace assured, if people work diligently and live ascetically |
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| creater of symbolic interactionism |
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-focuses in ace to face interaction
-emphasizes the subjective meanings people attach to their social behavior
-stresses that people help create their social circumstances, and do not merely react to them.
-validate unpopoular and nonofficial viewpoints, which increases our understanding and tolerance of people different from us |
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| analyzed the many ways people present themselves to others in everyday life to appear in the best possible light, and compared social interaction to a carefully staged play, ith a front stage, back stage, defined roles, and props. |
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| when people interact they assume things are naturally what they seem to be |
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"the first woman sociologist"
-wrote one of the first books on research methods, undertook critical studies of slavery and factory laws and gender inequality, and advocating voting rights and higher education for women, and gender equality in the family. |
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| only Nobel prixe recipient for sociology, cofounder of "Hull House" |
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| Post-industrial Revolution |
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| the technology driven shift from manufacturing to services industries - the shift from employment in factories to employment in offices - and the consequences of that shift for nearly all human activities |
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| the process by which formerly seperate economies, states, and clutures are becoming tired together and people are becoming increasingly aware of their growing interdependence |
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| the creation of laws and regulations by organizations and governments |
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