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Chapter 19 Cholinergic Drugs
Pharmacology Test 1 Fall 2012
12
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/21/2012

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Term

Cholinergic Drugs

What do they do?

Definition
Cholinergic Drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system same as acetylcholine
Term

Cholinergic Drugs:

How do they act on the body?

Definition
Can act DIRECTLY to stimulate cholinergic receptors or INDIRECTLY by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ase=breaks down..acetylcholine) which slows metabolism of acetylcholine at autonomic synapses.
Term
Jobs of ACETYLCHOLINE:
Definition
muscle contraction, cognitive function including memor storage and retrieval, secretory and motor activity of gut, promotion of normal urination
Term

Cholinergic Drugs:

Direct-Acting

Definition

Synthetic derivative of Choline(made in lab setting)

Are lipid soluble (canNOT cross Blood/Brain Barrier, canNOT act on CNS)

HIghly resistant to metabolism by acetylcholinesterase(cnt break down well)

*have widespread systemic effects

Term

Direct-Acting CHolinergic Drugs:

What are the systemic effects? (CV, GI, GU, Resp, Eyes)

Definition

Systemic Effects:

CV: decreased HR, vasodilation,Unpredictable BP changes

GI:^ tone& contractility of GI smooth muscle, relaxation ofsphincters,increased salivary gland&GI secretions

GU:^tone&contractility of smooth muscle in urinary bladder &relaxation of sphincter

Resp:^ tone&contractility of bronchial smooth muscle

Eyes: constriction of pupils & contraction of ciliary muscle

Term

Cholinergic Drugs:

INDIRECT-ACTING Cholinergic Drugs

(Anticholinesterase)

what do they do??

Definition

-Decrease the inactivation (metabolism) of acetylcholine in the synapse

-In addition to providing effects of direct-acting cholinergic drugs indirect-acting medications also improve skeletal muscle tone & strength.

-May be REVERSIBLE (used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease & myasthemia gravis)

or IRREVERSIBLE (highly toxic, primarily used in poisens)

Term
*CHolinergic Drugs help to keep acetylcholine in the body for a longer amount of time
Definition
Term

Cholinergic Drugs:

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR USE

Definition

-Urinary or GI tract obstruction

-Asthma-bronchospasms

-Peptic Ulcer Disease-^gastric secretions

-Inflammatory Bowel Disorders/Recent abdominal surgery

-CAD (Coronary Artery Disease

-Hyperthyroidism

-Pregnancy 

Term

Cholinergic Drugs:

Individual Medications

DIRECT-ACTING CHOLINERGICS

BETHANECHOL (URECHOLINE)

Definition
Used to treat urinary retention due to urinary bladder atony (promoting bladder emptying) and post-op abdominal distention due to paralytic ileus
Term

Cholinergic Drugs:

Individual Medications

REVERSIBLE INDIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC

NEOSTIGMINE (PROSTIGMIN)

Definition

-Prototype for this drug

-used for long term treatment of      myasthenia gravis (autoimmune disease)

Term

Cholinergic Drugs:

Individual Medications

REVERSIBLE INDIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC

EDROPHONIUM (TENSILON)

Definition

short-acting cholinergic used to diagnose myasthenia gravis (autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability)

Through IV

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