Term
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Definition
psychrophiles
hyperthermophiles
halophiles
acidophiles
methanogens
abundant in moderate habitats
lack pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
archaeal signatures such as:
cell membrane lipids
cell wall components
certain metabolic pathways
certain genome features |
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Term
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Definition
different from those of bacteria and eukaryotes
have ether links (R-O-R), not ester links.
branched chains of lipids made from isoprenoid units with no unsaturations
can form monolayers due to tetraethers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pseudopeptidoglycan in methanogens (N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid) resistant to lysozyme; different crossbridge types causing penicilin resistance |
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Term
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Definition
unique features of archaea
have reverse gyrase, maintaining positive supercoiling
similar to bacteria in:
circular genome
gene size and density
presence of operons
similar to eukaryotes in:
presence of histone homologs |
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Term
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Definition
includes two phyla:
crenarchaeota
euryarchaeota
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Term
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Definition
name means "scalloped archaea"
irregular shape
have crenarchaeol
shows wide range of temperature
hyperthermophiles, thermophiles, mesophiles and psychrophiles |
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Term
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Definition
greater range of metabolism
methanogens, halophiles, acidophiles and alkalinophiles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| distinctive tetraether lipid synthesized by crenarchaeotes |
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Term
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Definition
example: Desulfurococcales
Ignicoccus islandicus: enormous periplasm
example: Ignicoccus hospitalis
Figure 19.36 |
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Term
| Barophilic hyperthermophiles |
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Definition
grow near hydrothermal vents on ocean floor (feature black smoker)
Example: Pyrodictium abyssi
found in abyss of sea |
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Term
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Definition
species that respire by oxidizing sulfur
found within hot springs
example: :Sulfolobus solfataricus
a double extremophile that grows at 80 deg. C with pH of 3
oxidizes H2S to sulfuric acid
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Term
| Mesophiles and Psychrophiles |
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Definition
grow in ocean
abundance varies according to season and increases with depth
likely predominant crenarchaeotes on Earth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cenarchaeum symbiosum inhabits the sponge Axinella mexicana |
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Term
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Definition
dominated by Methanogens
means broad-ranging archaea
poisoned by molecular oxygen and require complete anaerobiosis
substrates include:
carbon dioxide and acetic acid |
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Term
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Definition
include four classes:
thermophiles and mesophiles found in all, display diversity of cell forms (rods, cocci or spirals)
have rigid cell walls made up of pseudopeptidoglycan, proteins or sulfated sugars |
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Term
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Definition
| form chains of large cells |
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Term
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Definition
| performs key functions in treatment of sewage waste; traps bacteria into residual sludge |
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Term
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Definition
| methanogens grow in anaerobic soil, landfills, animal digestive tracts, marine sediments |
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Term
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Definition
high salt environments
photopigments color salterns which are used for salt production
colored red by bacterioruberin, protect them from light
adapt to high external NaCl by maintaining high intracellular KCl |
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Term
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Definition
Thalassic lakes
Athalassic lakes
Solar salterns
Brine pools beneath oceans
Alkaline soda lakes
Antarctic brine lakes
Underground salt deposits
Salted foods |
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Term
| Retinal-Based Photoheterotrophy |
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Definition
| Rhodopsins capture light energy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteriorhodopsin and Halorhodopsin |
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Definition
| both increase proton motive force using proton gradient to pump out Na+ |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to light, but not just any light. Signals flagellum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thermococcales Figure 19.33A |
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Term
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Definition
includes Pyrcoccus growing at 105 degrees C; anaerobes, sulfur used as a terminal electron acceptor
SMITH'S favorite, may be on test. |
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Term
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Definition
Nanoarchaeum equitans
obligate symbiont of Ignicoccus hospitalis (crenarchaeote) |
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