Term
| the process of systematic gene-directed changes through which an organism forms the successive stages of its life cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| four subprocesses of development |
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Definition
growth (cell division)
differentiation
pattern formation
morphogenesis |
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Term
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the period of rapid cell division following fertilization
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Definition
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Term
| during cleavage, the enormous mass of the zygote is subdivided into a larger and larger number of smaller and smaller cells called.... |
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Definition
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Term
| can divide into any type of cell |
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Definition
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Term
| each major tissue is represented. as development proceeds, these .... persist, even in adults |
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Definition
| tissue-specific stem cells |
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Term
| can become any type of cell |
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Definition
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Term
| can become many types of cells |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the main difference between animal growth and plant growth |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of differentiation begins with signals that start the expression of certain regulatory protiens |
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Definition
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Term
| what starts the differentiation cascade |
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Definition
| it can be started by either internal or external signals |
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Term
| internal signals of differntiation |
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Definition
| are often due to unequal inheritance of cytoplasmic contents during oogenesis |
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Term
| external signals of differentiation |
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Definition
| are often diffusible protiens that are made by neighboring cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the acuisition of axial differences in developing stuctures |
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Definition
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Term
| can determination ever be reversed |
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Definition
| yes it may be reversible, as shown by reproductive cloning in some vertebrates |
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Term
| the acquisition of axial differences in developing structures |
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Definition
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Term
| soluble molecules (protein) whose concentration gradient can specify different cell fates along an axis |
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Definition
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Term
| becomes anchored in the cytoplasm at the end of the oocyte closest to the nurse cells, this end will develop inot the anterior end of the embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| becomes anchored to the end of the oocyte that will become the posterior end of the embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| binds to and inhibits the translation of caudal mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| binds to and inhibits the translation of hunchback mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| encode transcription factors which activate genes required for the formation of anterior and posterior structures respectively |
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Definition
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Term
| fixed in place by the cytoskeleton, unlike hunchback and caudal |
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Definition
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Term
| bicoid induces the transcription and translation of gap genes |
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Definition
| gap genes and pair-rule genes encode transcription factors. they regulate the expression of the next genes in the cascade. |
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Term
| encode proteins that function in cell-to-cell signalling (induction) |
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Definition
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Term
| regluate the expression of each other and of segment polarity genes such as engrailed |
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Definition
| pair-rule proteins (transcription factors) |
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Term
| map out the coarsest subdivision of the embryo along the A/P axix |
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Definition
| gap genes (encode transcription factors) |
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Term
| the DNA that encodes the domain homeodomain |
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Definition
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Term
| all homeotic genes code for proteins that contain a conserved sequence that is a DNA-binding domain |
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Definition
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Term
| homeo-box containing gene that specifies the identity of a body part. these genes encode transcription factors |
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Definition
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Term
| do plants have homeotic genes |
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Definition
| they have different homeotic genes (MADS-box genes) |
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Term
| list the five processes used by animals to acheive morphogenesis |
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Definition
- the number, timing and orientation of cell divisions
-cell growth and expansion
-changes in cell shape
-cell migration
-cell death, called apoptosis
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Term
| which of the 5 processes of morphogenesis cannot be used by plants |
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Definition
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