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| is about the size of a pea, it is located on the underside of the brain in a depression at the base of the skull and is protected by the brain above it and the nasal cavities below it, it is also connected by a thin stalklike projection to the hypothalamus, complex gland that secretes many hormones that affect body functions |
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| consisting of a right and left lobe, is a U- or H-shaped gland located in front of the neck just below the larynx, the lobes are connected by a narrow piece of thyroid cartilage that produced the prominence the neck known as the Adams apple |
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| are four small nodes of tissue embedded in he back side of the thyroid glands, they secrete a hormone which increases blood calcium levels |
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| also called suprarenal glands, the two glands sit one atop each kidney, each consists of two portions, the central region |
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| an elongated structure located behind the stomach in the left upper quadrant, the specialized cells that produce hormones are called the islets of Langerhans, these cells produce two hormones, insulin and glucogaon |
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| two small glands located in the upper pelvic cavity, on either side of uterine wall, near the fallopian tubes of the female. Each of the pair is almond-shaped and held in place by ligaments |
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| male gonads, are two small ovid glands suspended from the inguinal region of the male by the spermatic cord and surrounded by the scrotal sac |
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| is a cone-shaped structure attached by a stalk to the posterior wall of the cerebrum. Its exact function is unclear , but it is thought to function as a light receptor and to play a part in regulation of the "biological clock". It secretes melatonin, the hormone believed to induce sleep |
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| a single gland located behind the sternum in the mediastinum. It resembles a lymph gland in structure, as it is part of the lymphatic system, but it is also a hormone-secreting endocrine gland. |
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| abnormal enlargement of the extremities of the skeleton, nose, jaws, fingers, and toes; caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after maturity |
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| bronzelike pigmentation of the skin, severe prostration, progressive anemia, low blood pressure, diarrhea, and digestive disturbance, caused by adrenal hypofunction |
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| surgical excision of the adrenal gland |
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| group of symptoms associated with alterations in sex characteristics due to abnormally increased production of androgens |
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| enlargement of adrenal gland |
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| arrested physical and mental development owing to congenital lack of thyroid secretion |
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| obesity, weakness, moon face, edema, and high blood pressure; caused by hyperfunction of the adrenals |
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| a condition caused by insufficient excretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) by the posterior pituitary gland. Deficient ADH causes the kidney tubules to fail to reabsorb needed water and salts. Clinical symptoms include polyuria (increased urination) and polydipsia (increased thirst). The person will complain of excessive thirst and drink large volumes of water. The urine will be very dilute with a low specific gravity. Synthetic preparations of ADH are administered as treatment |
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| inability to metabolize sugar because of abnormal insulin function; high blood sugar, excessive urination, thirst, hunger, emaciation, and weakness are cardinal symptoms of the most severe type (type 1) |
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| toxic goiter; Graves' disease; protrusion of the eyeballs, swollen neck, weight loss, shaking, and mental deterioration are symptoms |
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| a condition in which pregnant women sometimes show abnormal glucose levels during the course of pregnancy (hyperglycemia) |
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| enlargement of the thyroid gland; swelling in the front part of the neck, mostly caused by dietary deficiency of iodine |
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| a progressive disease of the thyroid gland with degeneration of its epithelium and replacement by lymphoid and fibrous tissue |
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| blood sugar (glucose) level above normal |
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| excessive activity of the thyroid gland |
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| underactivity of the thyroid gland. shortage of thyroid hormones cause a low body metabolism because of the body's reduced use of oxygen. Any one of several conditions can produce hypothyroidism, such as endemic goiter, thyroidectomy, faulty hormone synthesis, and congenital thyroid defects, a condition that is called cretinism, and which results in a child lacking normal mental and physical growth |
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| a dry, waxy type of swelling with deposits of mucin in the skin, swollen lips, and thickened nose, advanced hypothyroidism in adults |
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| anastomosis of the pancreatic duct to the stomach |
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| inflammation of the pancreas due to autodigestion of pancreatic tissue by its own enzymes |
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| "pheochromo" means dusky color; tumor of the medulla characterized by hypertension, weight loss, and personality changes |
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| Simmonds' Disease (Panhypopituitarism) |
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| generalized hypopituitarism owing to absence or damage of the pituitary gland; exhaustion, emaciation, and cachexia are symptoms |
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| sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints, muscle twitching, cramps, and convulsions; caused by abnormal calcium metabolism |
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| surgical excision of the thyroid gland |
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| treatment with thyroid preparations |
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| surgical division of thyroid cartilage |
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| a pathologic condition caused by accumulation of acid in, or loss of base from, the body |
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| lack or loss of appetite for food |
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| malnutrition, wasting, and emaciation |
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| involuntary muscular contractions |
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| excessive leanness; a wasted condition |
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| ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream |
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| a ducted gland that secretes into various organs |
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| death of tissue from lack of circulation and consequent loss of nutrients |
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| an organ that secretes a metabolic substance. May be endocrine or exocrine |
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| blood sugar (glucose) level is below normal |
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| drug for the diabetic to decrease the amount of glucose in the blood |
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| excision of the pituitary gland (hypophysis) |
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| a protein hormone produced by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It is secreted into the blood in response to a rise in concentration of blood glucose. |
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| accumulation of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in body tissue and fluids; a complication in some diabetic patients |
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| accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood that results in metabolic acidosis |
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| any functional disturbance and/or pathologic changes in the peripheral nervous system; a complication in some diabetic patients |
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