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Chapter 19
Key Terms
8
Science
9th Grade
01/29/2012

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Term
alpha particle
Definition
a helium atom nucleus, which consists of two neutrons and two protons and is ejected by certain radioactive elements
Term
beta particle
Definition
an electron ejected from an atomic nucleus during the radioactive decay of certain nuclei
Term
carbon-14 dating
Definition
the process of estimating the age of once-living material by measuring the amount of a radioactive isotope of carbon present in the material
Term
gamma radiation
Definition
high-energy radiation emitted by the nuclei of radioactive atoms
Term
half-life
Definition
the time required for half the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay
Term
radioactive
Definition
the tendency of some elements, such as uranium, to emit radiation as a result of changes in the atomic nucleus
Term
strong nuclear force
Definition
the force of interaction between all nucleons, effective only at very, very, very close distances
Term
transmutation
Definition
the conversion of an atomic nucleus of one element to an atomic nucleus of another element through a loss or gain of protons
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